1. Subordinate Clauses The Adverb Clause

2. How? Where? When? Why? To what extent? Under what condition?

3. Where can you find an adverb? Adverbs modify: VERBS, ADJECTIVES, and other ADVERBS

4. …therefore you can find them: Nearly anywhere in the sentence… However, they are usually near the verb, adjective or adverb they modify (but not always) Examples: He can run fast. (tells: how he can run) She really likes soccer. (tells: to what extent, she likes…)

5. More Examples: They can swim really quickly. (modifies the adverb quickly. It answers – How quickly?) He is not enjoying this activity. (Just remember the word not is always an adverb.) She is always late for class. (The words always, never, sometimes, rarely, etc. are also adverbs)

6. Adverbs answer where… Your book is here. Your pencil is there. The birds are flying high. The plane is flying by.

7. Adverbs answer when… He came home late. She woke early. They are performing now. She will do her homework later.

8. Unlike an adverb or an adverb phrase, an adverb clause has a subject and a verb ADVERB: They will leave soon. ADVERB PHRASE: They will leave (in a few minutes). ADVERB CLAUSE: They will leave when they are ready. SV

9. Definition… An adverb clause is a subordinate (dependent clause) that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. Like an adverb an adverb clause tells where, when, how, why, to what extent or under what condition.

10. Adverb Clauses can also be found nearly anywhere in the sentence… …beginning, middle or end… EXAMPLES: You may sit wherever you wish. (modifies the verb sit and tells where) When spring sets in, many students go crazy. (modifies the verb go and tells when) Sammy and Alexandra look as though they have some exciting news for us. (modifies the verb look, telling how S. and A. look)

11. More examples… Happy because she made an A, Maia hurried to phone her mom. (modifies the adjective Happy, telling why Maia was happy.) Will can climb higher than I can. (modifies the adverb higher, telling to what extent or how much higher Will can climb) If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go to the beach for class. (modifies the verb will go, telling under what condition we will go to the beach.)

12. COMMA RULES… commaWhen an adverb clause begins a sentence, it is followed by a comma., Adverb clause main clause

13. Subordinating Conjunctions: An adverb clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction—a word that shows the relationship between the adverb clause and the word or words that the clause modifies.

14. Common Subordinating Conjunctions: after as thoughsincewhen although becauseso thatwhenever as beforethanwhere as if howthoughwherever as long as ifunlesswhether as soon as in order thatuntilwhile

15. NOTE! The words after, as, before, since, and until are also commonly used as prepositions. REMEMBER… in order to be a clause, the group of words must have both a subject and a verb Example: PREPOSITION: (After lunch) we’ll finish building the rocket. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION: After you wash the dishes, you can make the bed.

16. SUBORDINATE (DEPENDENT) CLAUSES: Adjective Clause Adverb Clause Noun Clause Relative Relative Subordinating Relative Relative Pronoun Adverb Conjunction Pronoun Adverb

17. Let’s try this together. I enjoy summer because I have so much time off. As the days go by, I find myself becoming more tanned. If I don’t have things to do, I usually sleep in later. My friends run around as if they have matters to attend. The pool is great as long as the water is not too cold.

18. Now try it with your group. I liked the baby pool until I got too big to go in it. All of the children like to play when their friends play. Whatever they do, they seem to have fun. Since summer is short, I make the best of everything. Even though I have fun, I do look forward to school.

19. How did you do?. s V I liked the baby pool until I got too big to go in it. s V All of the children like to play when their friends play. S V Whatever they do, they seem to have fun. S V Since summer is short, I make the best of everything. S V Even though I have fun, I do look forward to school.

20. Try it alone. I get excited because it is a new year. As long as there are not too many papers, I am happy. Whenever we have a quiz, I get nervous. You don’t know how fun a class is until you try it. Although I love summer, I enjoy school as well.

21. Did you get it? S V I get excited because it is a new year. S V As long as there are not too many papers, I am happy. S V Whenever we have a quiz, I get nervous. S V You don’t know how fun a class is until you try it. S V Although I love summer, I enjoy school as well.

22. Now find the subordinating conjunctions as well. Some like summer because they love the weather. My kids love summer so that they can swim. If there weren’t humidity, summer would be perfect. I didn’t know Kansas got hot until we moved here. After I go outside, I like to make ice-cold lemonade.

23. Got it! S V Some like summer because they love the weather. S V My kids love summer so that they can swim. S V If there weren’t humidity, summer would be perfect. S V I didn’t know Kansas got hot until we moved here. S V After I go outside, I like to make ice-cold lemonade.

24. Adverb Clauses and Commas When to Use Them and When to Lose Them…

25. Find the adverb clauses in the following sentences. 1. You seem very happy when you help other people. You seem very happy when you help other people 2. While you wait, we will detail your car. While you waitwe will detail your car 3. I am happier than I ever was before. I am happier than I ever was before 4. That horse is more obstinate than a mule is. That horse is more obstinate than a mule is 5. The woman took notes while being taught to cook with broccoli. The woman took notes while being taught to cook with broccoli 6. Ben fields baseballs better than he hits. Ben fields baseballs better than he hits 7. As the lions approached the carcass, the cheetahs retreated once more. As the lions approached the carcassthe cheetahs retreated once more 8. While I was eating, I choked on a bone. While I was eatingI choked on a bone Go on

26. Great Job!!!

27. Oops! 

28. Commas are used if the adverb clause comes before the main clause. Directions: Underline the adverb clauses. 1.When I walk into a room everyone cheers. 2.Since I wanted shoes I went to the store. 3.If I ask you will you tell me where you put it? 4.Before I started running I was a swimmer. 5.Because Doris has a dog she buys leashes.

29. Commas are used if the adverb clause comes before the main clause. Directions: Write an “S” over the subject and a “V” over the verb. 1.When I walk into a room everyone cheers. 2.Since I wanted shoes I went to the store. 3.If I ask you will you tell me where you put it? 4.Before I started running I was a swimmer. 5.Because Doris has a dog she buys leashes.

30. Commas are used if the adverb clause comes before the main clause. Directions: Insert commas where necessary. 1.When I walk into a room everyone cheers. 2.Since I wanted shoes I went to the store. 3.If I ask you will you tell me where you put it? 4.Before I started running I was a swimmer. 5.Because Doris has a dog she buys leashes.

31. Insert commas between the adverb and independent clauses where necessary. 1.I went with the Smiths because we are friends. 2.Since you came to my party I will send you a card. 3.If I go on the trip will I get to see the elephants? 4.I go to the store whenever I get hungry. 5.When I get hurt I sometimes cry.

32. Check your work. 1.I went with the Smiths because we are friends. (no comma) 2.Since you came to my party, I will send you a card. 3.If I go on the trip, will I get to see the elephants? 4.I go to the store whenever I get hungry. (no comma) 5.When I get hurt, I sometimes cry.

33. Combine the following sentences using adverb clauses at the end of the sentence. 1. We watched the robins. They raised their young in our apple tree. 2. Becky read the book. It was recommended by a friend. 3. Dad donates his suits to charity. He has worn them a year. 4. The policemen delayed the drivers. The wrecks were cleared. 5. Ann ate an apple. She studied her vocabulary.

34. Combine the following sentences using adverb clauses at the beginning of the sentence. 1. Frank started medical training. He drove a forklift for a living. 2. The rains had started the mud slides. The homes were not safe to live in. 3. Older people love to sit in the park. They feed the birds and visit. 4. I enjoyed camping out. I was much younger. 5. Joe recognized the man. The man had stopped his car to help.

35. Writing with Adverb Clauses This is EASY!!!

36. With your partner: combine these main clauses into a sentence with an adverb clause. Underline the adverb clause and circle the subordinating conjunction. 1.Some foreign language teachers are finding that more is learned/They use a technique called Total Physical Response 2.Using TPR, students respond physically to commands/The teacher presents new material 3.Students respond with movements, not with words/Understanding comes before speaking 4.Experts feel that students are learning a new language/They were learning their native language 5.No one is forced to speak/He or she is ready

37. How’d you do? 1.__________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5. ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________

38. On your own: combine these main clauses into a sentence with an adverb clause. Underline the adverb clause and circle the subordinating conjunction. 6.First, the teacher models and action/The student can relate the command to the needed response 7.The teacher continues to participate/The students responses come naturally 8.Tests show that students learn more vocabulary/They learn with conventional techniques 9.In fact, they can recall large numbers of words learned the previous year/They return from summer vacation 10.It seems that moving the body while learning improves memory/Movement forces the learner to concentrate

39. How’d you do? 6.__________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 7. ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 8. ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 9. ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 10. __________________________________________ _____________________________________________

40. Practice… Complete page 499 exercise 4 and 500 exercise 5.