1. The difference between relative dating and absolute dating is that relative dating is a method of sequencing events in the order in which they happened. Absolute dating is a method of estimating the age of a rock sample in years via radiometric techniques. WARM-UP 85

2. Fill in greater > or less than to compare the geologic time units Eons to Eras to Periods To Epochs Periods > Epochs Eras > Periods Epochs < Eons Eons > Periods Eras > Epochs Eras < Eons WARM-UP # 86

3. WARM-UP # 87 1. Cast fossil F 2. Mold fossil D 3. Petrified fossil A 4. Preserved remains C 5. Carbon films G 6. Fossil B 7. Index fossil E A. When minerals replace all or part of an organisms tissues, such as bone or wood. B. The trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock. C. When animals are preserved in or close to their natural state as in amber, tar, or ice. D. An impression or imprint of an organism in sediment which turns to rock. E. A fossil that is used to establish the age of a rock layer F. Formed when sediment fills an impression made by an organism and becomes rock. G. Thin layer of carbon from the organism left behind in the rock.

4. Warm-Up # 88 1. Superposition –C–C 2. Absolute dating –B–B 3. Relative dating –A–A 4. Geologic column –D–D A. Finding if a rock layer is older or younger than the layers around it. B. Finding the exact age of an object using unstable atoms C. The idea that younger rock lies above older rock. D. Detailed series of rock layers of all known fossils and rock formations from around the world.

5. Warm-Up # 89 1. Explain the four features of an index fossil. –Found worldwide –Abundant –Easily recognizable –Alive for only a short period of geologic time

6. Warm-Up # 90 – What are the 6 basic steps of the design process? Warm-Up # 91 – What is a constraint?

7. 1) Identify the Goal or Problem 2) Identify the Plan or Solution 3) Identify the Constraints 4) Design a Prototype 5) Evaluate the Prototype 6) Revise and Retest WARM-UP # 90 What are the 6 basic steps of the design process?

8. Warm-Up # 91 What is a constraint? A restriction A limitation Something that holds your project back Example: “Lack of money has been a major constraint on the building's design.

9. Warm-Up # 94 – What is JPL? Warm-Up # 95 – Why must robotic spacecraft pave the way for humans to go to Mars? June 3 rd Warm-Ups

10. Warm-Up # 94 – What is JPL? The Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It is the lead U.S. center for robotic exploration of the solar system.

11. Warm-Up # 95 – Why must robotic spacecraft pave the way for humans to go to Mars? Robotic spacecraft must pave the way for humans to go to Mars because of the difficulty and the number of challenges getting there.

12. Warm-Up # 96 – What is a fly-by mission? Warm-Up # 97 – What is a lander mission? Warm-Up # 98 – What is an orbiter mission? Warm-Up # 99 – What is Mars atmosphere mostly made up of? What are two other important components? June 4 th Warm-Ups

13. Warm-Up # 96 – What is a fly-by mission? A spacecraft passing close enough to a planet or moon to make detailed observations without orbiting or landing. Warm-Up # 97 – What is a lander mission? A spacecraft designed to land on the moon or a planet. Warm-Up # 98 – What is an orbiter? A spacecraft that orbits a planet or moon without landing on it. Warm-Up # 99 – What is Mars’ atmosphere mostly made up of? What are two other important components? Mars’ atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. Water vapor and dust are two other important components. ANSWERS

14. Warm-Up # 100 (aka #8) What is the scientific method? It is a simple method scientists use to conduct an investigation. It is a way to ask & answer scientific questions by asking questions & conducting experiments.