1. Container Recycling Institute Vermont’s Solid Waste Act 148: Big Changes Ahead October 4, 2012 www.container-recycling.org

2. Don’t miss CRI’s upcoming webinars: www.container-recycling.org California’s Beverage Container Recycling Program Reform – Wk of 10/22 EPR for Packaging: Case Studies from Canada – Wk of 11/12 California’s Beverage Container Recycling Program Reform – Wk of 10/22 EPR for Packaging: Case Studies from Canada – Wk of 11/12

3. Technical Questions GoToWebinar support: 800-263-6317 To ask a question during the webinar: – Click + on Questions bar – Type in your question – Click Send www.container-recycling.org

4. About CRI CRI’s mission is to make North America a global model for the collection and quality recycling of packaging materials. We do this by: Creating and maintaining a database on containers and packaging Studying container and packaging reuse and recycling options and legislation, including deposit systems, and their environmental and economic impacts Educating on recycling options for government, elected officials, for citizen groups, the print and broadcast media, publications and industry groups Creating national networks www.container-recycling.org

5. Agenda Welcome and Introductions Susan Collins, Container Recycling Institute scollins@container-recycling.org Vermont Act 148 - Overview Cathy Jamieson – Vermont Dept. of Environmental Conservation cathy.jamieson@state.vt.us Addison County – Perspective and Best Practices Teresa Kuczynski – Addison County Solid Waste Management District teri@acswmd.org Recycled Glass Market in Vermont: A Processor’s Perspective Michel Marquis – 2M Ressources michel.marquis@2mressources.com Questions www.container-recycling.org

7. Biocycle magazine’s “State of Garbage in America” Recyclables only, not green waste Converted recycling tons to per-capita recycling State-by-State Recycling Tonnage Data Set

8. Governmental Advisory Associates’ survey of material recovery facilities (MRFs) Most comprehensive data set for recyclables Attempt to normalize data between states Does not include recyclables that bypass MRFs State-by-State Recycling Tonnage Data Set

9. Cathy Jamieson, Program Manager cathy.jamieson@state.vt.us

10. VT: Sustainable Materials Management Strategy VT Goal: divert 50% MSW by 2005 Did not achieve this, only ~35% diversion 3 major reports on solid waste Waste Prevention (2008) – stakeholder group ANR Solid Waste to legislature (2008) Solid Waste Working Group(2009) – stakeholder Propose sustainable materials management approach

11. Timing 2009: recession, significant staff cuts 2010 & 2011: EPR Packaging and Printed Material bills introduced; Some staff restored to program Fall 2011: Desire for legislation to address inconsistent services Prepared draft bill, additional staffing

12. VT Act 148 Universal Recycling Law Most significant change to VT solid waste law since 1988 Approved unanimously by legislature Focuses on recyclables and organics To provide more consistent services statewide, with convenience, choices, and incentives Phased approach to allow development of infrastructure

13. VT Act 148 Bans disposal of mandated recyclables by 2015, leaf & yard residuals by 2016, food residuals by 2020 Mandates parallel collection, by facilities / haulers that collect MSW, mandated recyclables by 2014 / 2015, (at no additional charge for residential recyclables) leaf & yard residuals by 2015 / 2016, food residuals by 2017

14. VT Act 148 Mandated recyclables means the following source separated materials: aluminum and steel cans, aluminum foil, aluminum pie plates, glass bottles and jars from foods and beverages, PET and HDPE plastic bottles or jugs, corrugated cardboard, white and colored paper, newspaper, magazines, catalogues, paper mail and envelopes, boxboard, and paper bags.

15. VT Act 148 Municipalities must adopt PAYT by 2015 Recycling containers must be in publically owned places by 2015 (and VT statehouse by 2012) Phased in mandates for larger generators to divert food residuals, if there is a facility within 20 miles 2014 for generators >104 tons/yr 2015 for generators > 52 tons/yr 2016 for generators > 26 tons/yr 2017 for generators > 18 tons/yr

16. VT Act 148 Addresses 3 Cs for recyclables & organics Consistent (state-wide) Convenient (parallel collection & on-the-go) Cost effective (no additional charge for residential recyclables, PAYT for MSW) Does not address all packaging, only specific recyclable materials

17. VT Act 148: ANR requirements Revise Solid Waste Plan Evaluate several issues, including - cost and infrastructure analysis - effectiveness of certain programs - cost and benefit of the beverage redemption program (current system, expansion, repeal) and single stream recycling Submit a major report to legislature due Nov 2013 and required to report annually

18. Thank you! Cathy Jamieson cathy.jamieson@state.vt.us

19. Addison County Solid Waste Management District 19 Member Towns ~32,968 population 645 square miles

20. ACSWMD Statistics MSW & C&D Generation = 33,198 tons MSW Diversion Rate in 2011 = 53.82% Mandatory Recycling since 1993. Pay-as-You-Throw since 1993. Single Stream since 2002.

21. Positive Impacts of Act 148 Convenient and consistent service statewide Greater transparency and public awareness Increased Diversion Incentive for Private and Public Sector Investment in Infrastructure

22. Pay-as-You-Throw Unit-Based Pricing - Definition: Waste generators are directly charged for the waste they produce based on either volume or weight. Consumer Choice, Consumer Control Incentive to Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

23. Impacts on Recyclables Collection Facilities Modification of drop-off designs, or decision to close. Recycling cost subsidies Changes in customer use Haulers Route Additions/Changes Equipment Purchase or Retrofit Retire v. adapt?

24. Modified Municipal Dump Truck

25. Split Trailer Behind Pick-up Truck

26. Split Stake Body Truck

27. Impact on Leaf & Yard Waste Collection Facilities Containers to collect leaf & yard waste Haulers Seasonal waste Backyard option in rural areas Landscapers & construction companies Additional collection route

28. Organics (Food) Collection Major change: New investments in infrastructure and equipment Backyard composters Additional routes

29. Thank You! Teresa A. Kuczynski, District Manager Addison County Solid Waste Management District teri@acswmd.org (802) 388-2333 AddisonCountyRecycles.org

30. Glass represents 18% of total packaging in the US, by weight, per the USEPA Glass represents 17% of total curbside recyclables in non-bottle bill states, in the US, by weight, per CRI research, using Resource Recycling MRF survey result About 85% of glass containers are for beverages, the rest for food Glass Statistics

31. The US glass recycling rate is 33.4%, (source: USEPA) Vermont’s reported recycling rate for beverage containers in the deposit program is 85% (source: VT) The average recycling rate for glass bottles in non-deposit states is 24% (source: CRI) Glass Statistics, continued

32. Glass Recycling Rates and Improvements By Country, 1996/98 vs. 2010

33. Cost to Recycle in Ontario, Canada (by category, per ton)

34. Packaging and Printed Paper Categories in Ontario, Canada: 22 Categories, Net Costs per Ton (Source: Stewardship Ontario) Newsprint ($19) Magazines/Catalogues ($19) Telephone Books ($110) Other printed paper ($61) Old corrugated containers ($404) Glass – flint (clear) ($152) Glass – colored ($118) Old boxboard ($383) Steel – food and beverage cans ($149) Steel – aerosol cans ($149) Steel – paint cans ($149) Aluminum– food and beverage cans (-$532) Other aluminum packaging (-$532) PET bottles ($1,000) Plastic laminates ($1,924) Paper laminates ($1,297) Plastic film ($1,894) Other plastics ($1,119) HDPE bottles ($685) Aseptic containers ($1,233) Gabletop ($1,100) Polystyrene ($2,257) AVERAGE NET COST PER TON $211

35. 450 rue. Saint-Michel, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec J3B 1T4 Tel: 450-348-0808 Fax: 450-348-0828

36. How much glass is recycled per year in the US? 251 million tons of trash produced in the U.S. per year. 4.6 lbs/person/day  1.5 lbs recycled 11.5 million tons of this total trash was glass of which 27% was recycled: 3.1 million tons of glass was recycled in 2010 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling_in_the_United_States http://epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/glass.htm

37. 1.100% infinitely recyclable (as little as 30 days curb to store) 2.Bottle manufactures’ goal is to use 50% cullet by 2013. 3.Using 50% cullet saves enough energy for 22,000 homes. 4.27% of all glass was recycled in 2010 (source: US-EPA) 5.Using 6 tons cullet saves 1 ton CO2 Source:http://www.gpi.org/recycle-glass/environment/glass-recycling-fast-facts.html So why recycle glass (cullet)

38. 2M Industries has two primary glass recycling lines… 1.CDP (Container Deposit Program) yields better quality glass for recycling. 2.Curbside or MRF (Materials Reclamation Facility) glass contains many contaminants.

39. CDP: Very easy for glass manufacturers to process in their furnaces.

40. Curbside glass is contaminated with a variety of other materials which greatly affects the overall quality.

41. Curbside glass is highly contaminated.

42. Rejects from curbside

43. Why encourage CDP glass? In areas with CDP’s, recycling rates are greater than 63% versus less than 27% without a CDP. Curbside cullet contains CSP (ceramic, stone and porcelain) which are containments for all but a few end users. Equipment required to sort and separate these contaminants greatly increase both the complexity and final cost of the finished glass product. Environmentally friendly -reduced landfill use. Ultimately any additional costs are transferred to the general public through the retail suppliers of these source products.

44. 2M processing CDP glass

45. CDP processed glass – very clean

46. Using CDP is environmentally friendly.

47. Thank you! Michel Marquis michel.marquis@2mressouces.com

48. Questions www.container-recycling.org

49. Just type in: Container Recycling Institute! Visit us at… www. container-recycling.org www.bottlebill.org (310) 559-7451 49

50. Thank you for attending! www.container-recycling.org To access webinar recording visit: http://www.container-recycling.org/index.php/home/webinars California’s Beverage Container Recycling Program Reform – Wk of 10/22 EPR for Packaging: Case Studies from Canada – Wk of 11/12-16 California’s Beverage Container Recycling Program Reform – Wk of 10/22 EPR for Packaging: Case Studies from Canada – Wk of 11/12-16 Stay tuned for information on CRI’s upcoming webinars: