1. Chapter 12 Internationalism and Nationalism
Social Studies 20-2
Chapter 12
Internationalism and Nationalism

2. Key Terms:
Absolute poverty
Odious debt
Civil society

3. Chapter 12 Issue
Reminder of the Related Issue Question: “Should Internationalism be pursued?”
Chapter 12 issue: Internationalism- How effectively does it address contemporary global issues?
Volunteer to read page 265?
Respond to the bulleted questions
Do the Cartoon Analysis

4. What are contemporary global issues?
Read opening paragraph page 266
Climate Change
Spread of Disease
Access to Water

5. Climate Change Read “Climate change” page 266
Ocean currents and prevailing winds carry pollution from one country into the air and water of other countries
Kyoto Protocol – was proposed in 1997
International attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Canada and other developed countries signed the protocol to reduce emissions by 20% by 2020
Since then Canada still has not met its Kyoto targets
Canada stated the Kyoto protocol would cost the Canadian economy $51 billion in revenues

6. Spread of Disease Read pages 267-268
Has been a global issue for a long time
World Health Organization is the United Nations agency that tries to stop the spread of deadly diseases
WHO focuses on global health issues: identifying, monitoring, and controlling international health threats
SARS epidemic was a test for the WHO
WHO constantly prepares for the next health threat that might become an epidemic – or even a pandemic

7. Bird Flu
Also known as Avian Influenza – is common among many species of birds
Most strains do not infect humans
In 1997 one strain caused the death of 6 people in Hong Kong
To stop the spread of the disease, Chinese officials ordered the slaughter 1.4 million chickens
By the end of 2006 – 75 people had died from the Bird Flu – mainly because governments worked quickly to develop Bird Flu Plans

8. Not to scare you....
According to the Calgary Herald, November 25th/2009:
51 total h1 n1 deaths in Alberta this year
Alberta’s death rate from the h1 n1 flu: per million people-nearly X2 the national average

9. Access to Water Read pages 268-269
Canada has up to 20% of the worlds fresh water but just 0.5% of the world’s population
In many countries do not have access to clean water – about 17% ( 1.1 Billion People ) do not access to clean drinking water
Every year 1.8 million children die because of diseases spread in water
Every 8 seconds a child dies after drinking dirty water

10. Water as a Human Right
UN – this right to water is just as important as the ‘right to life, liberty and security of person’, which is set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Control over Water
Canada controls the water within its borders
Decide how to use the water
Make rules about dumping sewage into water, can sell the water, or create power with it
Oldman River Dam, Alberta

11. World Wide Water Crisis
Countries which have a lot of fresh water are likely to face increased international pressure to share their water with countries that do not have enough
Barlow believes:
World is running out of water
Every day more people are living without access to clean water
Powerful international corporations are taking control of Earth’s fresh water and selling it to make a profit

12. Internationalism to address contemporary Global Issues
Read opening paragraph page 270
Grab a copy of “Internationalism and contemporary Global Issues”
Poverty
Hunger
Human Rights
Conflict
Disease
Debt
Climate Change

13. Internationalism and Poverty
In 2006 – World Bank estimated that more than a billion people live in absolute poverty – severe lack of human needs, lack of education, shelter, or information
In 2007, Oxfam, an international non-governmental organization, and a network of about 80 aid agencies reported that 43% of Iraqis were living in absolute poverty

14. Cause and Effect of Poverty
Read the causes and effects of poverty on page 272
Poverty often causes other serious problems
When people do not have enough money to buy food they go hungry. When they do not have enough money to buy clean drinking water, they may contract diseases from dirty water. If they lack food and water and their lives and their families lives are at risk they may even go to war to get what they need to survive

15. Cause and Effect of Poverty
Lack of Education
People who do not receive a basic education have trouble finding jobs and may become locked into a cycle of poverty
Conflict and War
Causes millions of people to flee and often they can not earn money to survive
Trade Rules
International trade rules restrict some people from selling their goods and services. Mostly favours developed countries
Discrimination
Members of minority groups often have limited access to jobs
Lack Of Resources – can’t grow crops to make money or food

16. Internationalism and Hunger
Read page 273
Most of the time 850 million people in the world are hungry children die a day
Food shortages have led to the United Nations to hold a World Food Summit, of which 185 countries attend
Trying to reduce the number of hungry by half by 2015

17. Internationalism and Disease
Read page 274
People who do not have healthy food cannot fight disease effectively
People can not afford medication or have access to medication in some areas

18. HIV and AIDS in Africa
AIDS diagnosis use to be a death sentence – no longer – new drugs now help people survive longer
Spread of AIDS has slowed drastically
Only about 0.3% of Canadians have AIDS
In Africa
In 2007 – 1.1 million people died from AIDS and 22.5 million people were living with the disease
Common practice is education and awareness campaigns combined with treatment programs

19. Internationalism and Debt
Read page 275
Many of the poorest countries in the world must spend so much money to pay off their debts to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank than they do not have enough left over to provide health, education, and social services for their own citizens

20. Odious Debt
Is debt that results from a loan to a government that uses the money to oppress people of its country or for its own personal use
Probe International, monitors Canada’s delivery of foreign aid, says that the debt is odious if:
It was incurred without the consent of the country’s people
It did not benefit the country’s people
The lender of the money was aware of these two conditions

21. Internationalism and Climate Change
Read page 276
May be the most pressing global issue of the 21st century
Human activity is causing Earth’s climate to change more quickly in the past
Burning of fossil fuels
Cutting down rain forest
Polar Ice Cap melting
United Nations Environment Programme provided global leadership in dealing with environmental issues

22. Making a Difference
Read page 277

23. Internationalism and Human Rights
Read page 278
World War II showed the international community that countries must work together to protect human rights.
Members of the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, soon after the United Nations was founded.
Why would creating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights be an important step in fighting human rights abuses?
When a country violates the rights of its own citizens or the citizens of another country the UN can take action to stop the abuse.
Before the UN can act, all five permanent members of the UN security council must agree – China, France, Russia, Britain and the United States
If one of these permanent members rejects a proposal, the UN cannot act.

24. Internationalism and Conflict
Read page 279
Conflicts are often complex and difficult to solve – as a result, the world community often struggles to find solutions that work.

25. Internationalism in Addressing Contemporary Global Issues
In 2000, the UN established eight international targets – its millennium development goals:
Cutting world poverty in half
Providing all children with at least a primary school education
Fighting disease such as HIV/AIDS
( As of 2008 – it looks like none of these goals will be met by 2015 )
Does the fact that the world is not likely to achieve the millennium development goals by 2015 suggest that international efforts to solve the worlds problems have failed?

26. International Trade Read page 280
Some believe trade among countries will solve many of the world problems
Believe when countries are better off economically they are less likely to go to war
WTO regulates and monitors world trade with the emphasis on peace by helping countries improve
There is much disagreement about the WTO as well. Most of this centers around the criticism that the WTO favours developing countries
Farm subsidies are controversial

27. Internationalism and Nation-States
Page 281- People disagree over the effects of internationalism
Internationalism is improving people’s lives and is relieving suffering, protecting the innocent, and making people around the world more secure
World Bank or the IMF lends money to a government to change it policies and these changes often include cutting spending on social programs, such as education and health care.
In failed states, the rulers may care little about the welfare of the country’s citizens
How can international institutions or organizations help people in a nation-state where the rulers are corrupt?

28. Decline versus Change Read page 282
Some people believe that the development of international organization such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organizations has reduced the power of individual nation-states
In a global economy governments of countries cannot make their own decisions without considering international trading rules, the wishes of multi-national corporations and the economies of other countries

29. Civil Society
Refers to a non-government and non-business organizations of various kinds.
These organizations may be large or small and involve community groups, faith-based groups, labour unions, and universities
Civil society helps connect citizens, nation-states, and international organizations.
These links give individuals the chance to influence policy and events at local, regional, national, and international levels

30. A view from here
Read page 283

31. Related Issue #3 Exam Covers chapters 9-12
25 Multiple choice questions

32. Question #1
Some options nations consider when shaping their responses to the rest of the world
Page

33. Which option(s) for responding to the rest of the world do you think best meet Canada’s needs?
Write a response in paragraph form in which you must
 identify the option(s) for response that you think best meet Canada’s needs
 explain why the option(s) best meet Canada’s needs
 c) support your response by referring to your understanding of social studies

34. Question #2 Page 264-265 Page 233 Page 231
Interpret these sources to help you answer the following question:
Page 233
Page 231

35. Some nation-states welcome the transition to internationalism, while others reject it.
a) What ideas do the sources communicate to you about the role of government in the world community?
AND
b) Considering the sources, what do you think should be the role of government in the world community?
Write a response in paragraph form in which you must
 interpret what each source tells you about the role of government in the world community
 explain your position on what the role of government in the world community should be
 support your interpretations and position by referring to the sources and your understanding of social studies