1. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation
Veterinary Medical Applications I

2. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation
Vocabulary
Using the wordle, on the next slide, complete the crossword puzzle. Then, write each term and its definition on your own notebook paper. This list will serve as a resource when studying for the upcoming exam.
Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

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4. OSHA

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Introduction
Veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and other members of the staff work with animals that may be dangerous, but also many other hazards are possible
Being educated on many of the risks involved in this field can help prevent injury to the employee, patient, and client
Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

6. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
Created by Congress in 1970 from the Occupational Safety & Health Act
In order to “assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women”
Government agency housed in the U.S. Department of Labor, regulates & monitors employee safety in the workplace
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HCS
To protect employees, OSHA created a set of guidelines: Hazard Communication (HCS)
Compliance is mandatory in every business, in every state,
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HCS is based upon the principle that employees have the “Right to Know” when they are in a situation that could be a health hazard
HCS places responsibility on the companies that manufacture hazardous materials and on the employer
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Chemicals
Manufacturers are required to label chemicals if they are flammable, corrosive, or poisonous
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) must be provided for every chemical
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Employee Training
Employers must devise a written training program
Must educate on hazards of specific chemicals, use of protective clothing, and how to use the MSDS.
All businesses are required to comply with OSHA safety standards and laws and are subject to large fines if they fail to comply.
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MSDS
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MSDS must contain the following 8 sections:
Manufacturer Information
Hazard Ingredients / Identity Information
Physical / Chemical Characteristics
Fire & Explosion Hazard Data
Reactivity Data
Health Hazard Data
Precautions for Safe Handling & Use
Control Measures
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13. 4 Hazards Associated with Veterinary Clinics
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Physical Hazards
Physical injuries from animals are the most common type of injury in the vet hospital
Frightened or nervous animals may bite, kick, or scratch when being handled
Farm animal’s size poses an even more dangerous threat
Cats present a specific hazard
Needle-like teeth and sharp claws harbor bacteria that can cause serious illness in humans
Back injuries, falls on wet floors, exposure to x-rays
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15. Methods of Preventing Physical Hazards
Proper clothing and footwear should always be worn when working with animals
Learning animal behavior and correct handling/restraint techniques can help prevent injury
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Chemical Hazards
Drugs, cleaning agents, insecticides, anesthetic gases
Can cause:
damage to skin, eyes, and lungs if inhaled.
abortion and or fetal abnormalities.
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17. Methods of Preventing Chemical Hazards
Proper use & safety measures is the best way to protect
Never use chemicals beyond their intended use
Never mix chemicals
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Biological Hazards
Living tissue & organisms, blood, urine, live vaccines
Any medical waste that has come in contact with:
blood or urine soaked blankets
bandage materials & sharps
Spreads disease from one animal to another or from animals to humans (zoonotic)
Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

19. Methods of Preventing Biological Hazards
The federal Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 regulates the disposal of medical wastes and biohazards
The EPA determines what regulations must be followed when disposing biohazards
All sharps must be disposed of in red, sealed containers
All sharps containers labeled with biohazard symbol
Medical wastes must be sterilized, incinerated, or chemically disinfected before disposal.
Gloves & protective clothing must be worn.
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Zoonotic Hazards
Any disease that can be passed from animals to humans.
4 Examples
Viral Diseases (Rabies)
Bacterial (Cat Scratch Fever, Brucellosis, Anthrax, Tuberculosis)
Parasitic (Sarcoptic mange)
Fungal (Ringworm)
Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

21. Methods of Preventing Zoonotic Hazards
Vaccination of animals and humans
Proper waste disposal
Isolating & proper handling of infected animals
Proper sanitation of hospital
Hand washing
Wearing protective clothing
Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

22. Safety Signs & Equipment
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OSHA Requirement
Businesses must use specific safety signs and equipment to alert employees and clients of possible hazards and dangers
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Danger Sign
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Radioactive Sign
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Biohazard Sign
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Wet Floor Sign
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28. Equipment: Lead Gloves
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Equipment: Lead Apron
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Equipment: Back brace
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Equipment: Dosimeter
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Drug Schedules
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Drug Schedules
The US Controlled Substances Act (Title 21 United States Code, Subchapter I, Part B Section 812), regulates the availability of drugs in the US, whether they can be prescribed, and to what extent. Drugs are classified into one of five schedules. The most restrictive schedule is Schedule I.
Began October 27, 1970, and updated and republished on an annual basis thereafter.
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Schedule I
The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse
The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States
There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.
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35. Examples of Schedule I Drugs
Hallucinogenic drugs, ecstasy and cannabis, which have virtually no therapeutic use
Production, possession and supply of these drugs is limited in the public interest and veterinary surgeons have no authority to possess these drugs
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Schedule II
The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse
The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions
Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

37. Examples of Schedule II Drugs
Morphine, pethidine, fentanyl, alfentanil, methadone, the amphetamines and secobarbital.
Drugs are subject to safe custody requirements and should be stored in a suitable locked cabinet secured to the fabric of the building at all times.
Receipt and supply must be recorded in a Controlled Drugs Register.
Must not be destroyed, except in the presence of a person authorized by the Secretary of State.
Written prescriptions are valid for 28 days.
Repeat prescriptions are not permitted.
Prescriptions cannot be faxed or sent electronically.
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Schedule III
The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and II
The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States
Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
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39. Examples of Schedule III Drugs
Buprenorphine, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, midazolam and some minor stimulants, including benzphetamine.
These drugs are subject to safe custody requirements but do not have to be recorded in the Controlled Drugs Register.
Written prescriptions are valid for 28 days.
Repeat prescriptions are not permitted.
Prescriptions cannot be faxed or sent electronically.
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Schedule IV Drugs
The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III
The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States
Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.
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41. Examples of Schedule IV Drugs
Split into two parts:  part I includes benzodiazepines and ketamine; part II contains anabolic and androgenic steroids
They are not subject to safe custody requirements. However, as ketamine is a substance of abuse, the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) recommends that it is stored in the Controlled Drugs cabinet and its use recorded in an informal Register
Written prescriptions are valid for 28 days
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Schedule V
The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule IV
The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States
Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule IV
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43. Examples of Schedule V Drugs
Preparations of certain Controlled Drugs, such as codeine and morphine, which are exempt from full control when present in medicinal products of low strength
They are exempt from all Controlled Drug requirements, other than the requirement to keep invoices for 5 years
Prescription valid for 6 months
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Types of Sanitation
Cleaning –physically removing all visible signs of dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood, hair, etc
Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms on nonliving things by physical or chemical means
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Types of Sanitation
Sterilizing – destroying ALL microorganisms and viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat under pressure
Antiseptics – solutions that destroy microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living tissue
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47. Commonly Used Chemicals
Alcohols – ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol
Aldehydes – gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde
Chlorine – bleach
Iodine and Iodophors – Betadine, iodine
Quaternary ammonias – Centrimide, Quatsyl-D
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Methods of Sanitation
Physical cleaning – using a chemical with a mop or sponge
Cold sterilization – soaking items in a disinfectant chemical until they are used
Dry heat – incinerating an object or exposing it to flame
Radiation – using ultraviolet or gamma rays
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Methods of Sanitation
Filtration – removing particles from the air using a physical barrier
Ultrasound – passing high frequency sound waves through a solution to create a vibration that scrubs an object to remove debris
Autoclave – a sealed chamber in which objects are exposed to heat and steam under pressure
Unit I: Safety & Sanitation