1. HMMWV Rollovers are the number one killer of Soldiers
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:
This lesson covers a chronological portrayal of the unfolding of a vehicle rollover.
FIRST - The importance of emphasizing preventive measures to reduce or eliminate the hazard of a rollover. Issues such as understanding possible causes of rollovers helps to prevent one.
SECOND – What issues/steps/procedures should be employed when its obvious a rollover is about to happen.
THIRD – What issues/steps/procedures should be employed during a rollover.
FORTH – Steps to take after the rollover for recovery purposes
HMMWV Rollovers are the number one killer of Soldiers
in theater after combat actions and IEDs

2. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ACTION – Prevent a HMMWV Rollover
CONDITIONS - In a classroom, provided instruction on preventive and reactive measures, crewman duties and emergency steps to take in case of a HMMWV rollover
STANDARD – The student properly identifies precautionary and reactive measures to take in case of a HMMWV rollover by answering the check-on-learning questions with a minimum of 80%.
Due to the “terminal” impact of not recognizing these factors resulting in loss of human life, the standard is set at a minimum of 80% for this lesson (vs. 70%)

3. History: 288 HMMWV Rollovers have occurred in
OIF/OEF STATISTICS
History: 288 HMMWV Rollovers have occurred in
OIF/OEF causing 82 Fatalities
This data is as of Jun Contact the Combat Readiness Center for update periodically. This data is for all HMMWV rollovers since 9/11.

4. UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSE
Causes:
Speed (driving too fast for conditions)
Overly Aggressive Driving
Inadequate driver/crew training
High Center-of-Gravity
Unfamiliar Terrain
Bad Road Surface conditions
Interference from local population
Operating near bodies of water
Explosives detonation
This data is as of Jun Contact the Combat Readiness Center for update periodically. This data is for all HMMWV rollovers since 9/11.

5. “TRAINING REDUCES PANIC!” “EXPERIENCE PREVENTS ROLLOVERS!” Avoid panic
Don’t jerk the steering wheel. Many rollovers occur when the driver panics and/or jerks the steering wheel during an emergency. At highway speed, jerking the steering wheel can cause loss of control and the vehicle may slide sideways and roll over.

6. Abrupt Steering Effects on Tires which may result in Rollover
Vehicle’s momentum
Rolling tire
WARNING: Rapid steering action at high speeds will increase your chances of a Roll-over. Stability of the M1114 will be reduced up to 20% under ideal road conditions when the vehicle has a payload with a high CG and/or overloaded (see table 1 and illustration below)
The surface contact of a round wheel steered 90 degrees
becomes a square causing resistance this causes the square shape to topple over, resulting in a Rollover
The tire of rubber also buckles under side wall pressure collapsing the tire and the reason to have proper tire pressure.
Notice the Center of Gravity Symbol and how it raises higher as the vehicle begins to turn over.
Low tire pressure also allows the tire to collapse under the vehicle tipping the vehicle over.
The momentum of the Center of Gravity pulls the vehicle over
CoG

7. ROAD AND TERRIAN CONDITIONS
The HMMWV is designed to climb obstacles not push them. This characteristic has caused some vehicle rollovers. Gunner should be mindful and react quickly to duck into vehicle.
Driver should ALWAYS be mindful of the CHARACTERISTICS of the HMMWV and what it is actually designed to do.

8. The Higher the CoG, the Higher the Risk
VEHICLE PAYLOADS
Increased
Risk
Keep the vehicle Center of Gravity low. Load heavier items low in the vehicle, or to the upslope side. Increasing the height of your vehicle CG increases your risk of rollover.
The more you add to the vehicle weight, the higher the risk is being incurred.
Decreased
Risk
The Higher the CoG, the Higher the Risk

9. Don’t overload the vehicle
VEHICLE PAYLOADS
M1114 Limits
Payload = 2300 lbs
or 1043 kg
Don’t overload the vehicle
Crew
Winch
Gunner’s Prot Kit
Spare Tire
Weapons
All cargo
Pay close attention to the limitations and design of your vehicle. Driver should know these factors before receiving a license to operate the vehicle. Overloading a vehicle or improperly loaded vehicles contribute greatly to vehicle rollovers. Ensure that all cargo/equipment/ammunition/radios/weapons, etc are securely tied down to prevent movement during the mission. Unsecured items may become “missiles” in the case of a vehicle rollover.
In theater, HMMWVs have been massively overloaded thus contributing to rollovers.
Secure
ALL
items!

10. When in the vicinity of water and tactical conditions permit:
WATER PRECAUTIONS
When in the vicinity of water and tactical conditions permit:
Reduce speed and stop vehicle
Inform crewmembers that you are operating around
potential water hazards
Make a Risk
Assessment of the
terrain and route
before proceeding
Maintain orientation
by wearing seatbelts
and
Unlock combat
door locks
ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS WHEN OPERATING NEAR WATER:
Reduce Speed and/or stop vehicle
Inform all crewmembers of operations near water.
Assess the risk of where the vehicle has to operate with respect to the water. - Is the roadway solid, will it support the vehicle and load? Is it sandy so as to cause a collapse into the water?
Maintain orientation by wearing seatbelts – This will keep each person in place so that reorientation will be reduced after the rollover. Also prevents additional injuries as the person would become “a loose object” as well.
Unlock all combat door locks. – This will reduce the likelihood that drowning may occur by allowing crew to escape quickly.

11. Maintain crew integrity Enforce use of seat belts
TEAMWORK
Work as a Team
Maintain crew integrity
Enforce use of seat belts
Communicate with each other
Identify terrain or conditions for a rollover
Use a ground guide near bodies of water
Team member positioning within the vehicle
Field of views / sectors
Work as a Team: Maintain Crew Integrity – train as a team.
(1) Communicate with the driver – tell the driver what is to the left, right, rear and overhead. Your gunner is your eyes and ears. The gunner may be the only crewmember capable of seeing around the entire vehicle (see figure 4-3).
Use the vehicle intercom system to pass visual information to the driver, but rehearse shouted voice commands and hand signals in case the intercom is inoperative. Avoid hazards, use a ground guide whenever practicable.
(2) The gunner must remain in nametag defilade IAW FM (Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Driver), TC (Training Program for Wheeled Vehicle Accident Avoidance), TC (Training Program for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle), and TC (Tracked Combat Vehicle Driver Training).
The gunner may be the only crewmember capable of seeing around the entire vehicle.
HEAT Training Note: Of all the vehicle occupants, the likelihood of injury to the gunner is disproportionately higher than those of the others. Knowing the fundamental purpose of the HEAT, those occupying the gunner position must exercise particular diligence in securing occupant restraints, bracing for the rollover, and be particularly mindful of the increased potential for head and neck injuries – even in the device. Further, those occupying the gunner
position in the HEAT must verify prior to each rollover iteration that the gunner hatch locking mechanism remains secure, and to avoid inadvertent disengagement of the lock during each rollover.
Use a ground guide around or near bodies of water.

12. QUICK STEPS FOR EMINANT ROLLOVER
ALL – Yell “ROLLOVER, ROLLOVER, ROLLOVER!!”
ALL – Brace against inside structure of vehicle
Driver/TC/PAX – Brace against floorboard
Driver/TC/PAX – Tuck chin into chest
Gunner – Forcefully duck down into gunner cupola, brace
ALL – Attempt to grasp gunner to pull inside vehicle
TC = Truck Commander/Vehicle Commander/Assistant Driver
PAX – Passenger (s)

13. Wear Seatbelts - Survive the Rollover!
ACTIONS: DURING A ROLLOVER
Wear Seatbelts - Survive the Rollover!
Driver – Continue to navigate the vehicle as long as control is possible.
ALL - Brace chin down against chest. Keep it there.
DRIVER/PAX/TC - Brace against floorboard and inside vehicle structure.
Attempt to maintain coherent orientation during roll.
GUNNER – MUST drop down inside of gunners’ seat as quickly as possible.
Driver/PAX/TC – Attempt to grab and hold gunner into vehicle.
While this action doesn’t eliminate the bouncing around inside the vehicle, it substantially reduces the likelihood of decapitation, and puts the roll-cage of the vehicle between the gunner and the outside terrain.
Rehearse vehicle evacuation as if only one exit is available.
(5) Know how to get out. Rehearse vehicle evacuation as if only one exit is available. Actual egress entails:
(a) BRACE with one hand against the floor (what was the ceiling).
(i) Consider which hand you should brace with (figure which hand can reach your seatbelt, and use the other one to brace).
(ii) Do not unlatch your seatbelt without bracing on the floor – your neck cannot support your body weight, let alone with all the battle rattle you have on.
PLAY VIDEO (12:15)
(c) All crew in the vehicle must make a grab for the gunner, assisting them as abruptly as necessary to get into the cab of the vehicle as quickly as possible.
(4) Use combat locks – safely. Combat locks help keep the doors closed in a crash, but are often a hazard near water. Unlock combat door locks when near water (enemy situation permitting).

14. ACTIONS: AFTER A ROLLOVER
ALL – Unplug headset
Release seat belt (use caution, you may be suspended)
Assess injuries
Unlock combat doors
Exit vehicle w/weapon by quickest route
Assist other crewmembers to exit vehicle
Provide security (keep at safe distance)
Recover sensitive items
Assist in vehicle recovery
TC – REPORT accident
These are the general steps to take. They are not necessarily in order, depending on situation. Some steps could be done simultaneously with others.
Keep in mind that water egress will involve removal of personal gear prior to exiting vehicle if possible.
Use caution when releasing seat belts. If the vehicle is upside down injury could result from the fall.
Unlocking the combat doors should be done once the crew knows they are to operate near water. They should already be unlocked at time of rollover in these cases.
When providing security, consider fire and “cook-off” of any ammunition in the vehicle. Stay a safe distance away if at all possible.
Additional steps for WATER EGRESS
Remove LBE. body armor, helmet
Evacuate by shortest route
Rescue others immediately!
Provide FIRST AID and SUMMON MEDICAL AID

15. 1 - What is the best way to survive a rollover? WEAR SEAT BELTS!
Check on Learning
1 - What is the best way to survive a rollover?
WEAR SEAT BELTS!
2 - Who in the crew is the most likely to be killed?
GUNNER
3 - What promotes a rollover to occur?
SPEED
4 – What additional precaution should the vehicle crew take when operating near water?
ANSWER KEY
1 - Wear Seatbelts
2 - The Gunner
3 - High Center of Gravity, Driver Inexperience, Unfamiliar terrain, LACK OF TRAINING AND TEAMWORK.
4 – Unlock combat door locks prior to enter area near water
5 – RISK
UNLOCK COMBAT DOOR LOCKS
5 – The higher the Center of Gravity the higher the ___
RISK

16. SURVIVE the Rollover!
Special thanks to the 16th MP Brigade of Fort Bragg NC for providing their combat experience and feedback on this very serious threat to our Armed Forces.
SUMMARY –
Identifying the causes of rollover – speed, high CoG, terrain, road conditions, poorly trained driver, aggressive driving
Knowing what to do before, during and after a rollover – TEAMWORK, every person MUST KNOW how to spot and prevent a potential deadly situation.
WEAR SEAT BELTS !!

17. HMMWV EGRESS ASSISTANCE TRAINER (HEAT)
This training device, under development, is being used in OIF theater to train vehicle crews on the dangers of rollover.
Note to instructor – Point out the characteristics of the device with pointer or cursor.
Notice the device is semitrailer mounted so it can be transported from site to site.
Notice how the device rotates on a central axis to simulate a rollover.
Notice it also has gangplank to provide ease of entry and monitoring by instructor
Soldiers no longer have to survive a deadly situation to describe what it's like to roll over in an Up-armored (UAH) HMMWV. With the unveiling of the first and only HEAT, our Soldiers now have a new tool to combat HMMWV rollovers, which claimed some 13 lives in 2006 alone.

18. Training Resources
TC TRAINING PROGRAM FOR WHEELED VEHICLE ACCIDENT
AVOIDANCE
GTA HMMWV UPARMORED
Emergency Procedures Performance Measures, 20 May 05
GTA Water Egress HMMWV Uparmored Rollover Task and
Performance Measures, July 05
TC TRAINING PROGRAM FOR WHEELED VEHICLE ACCIDENT
AVOIDANCE
GTA HMMWV UPARMORED
Emergency Procedures Performance Measures, 20 May 05
GTA Water Egress HMMWV Uparmored Rollover Task and
Performance Measures, July 05
CRC Letters from War:
UPARMORED HMMWV ROLLOVERS CD Pin
CRC Letters from War:
UPARMORED HMMWV ROLLOVERS CD Pin