1. Using electronic diaries to gather self report data Kenny Morrison School of Computing, Queen Mother Building University of Dundee

2. Pocket Interview: an easily configurable handheld electronic data collection and diary tool Desktop Administration Tool - used for defining questionnaires, schedules and collecting and organising the data from the devices Client – used for data collection. Currently runs on a Pocket PC or Windows Professional smartphone

3. Capturing data using paper is inefficient & error prone Using handheld computers: Saves time – avoids repetition – need for additional data entry Increases accuracy – most data captured using ‘point & click’ Improves consistency – all data captured in same way Data Collection

4. Commercial applications available - expensive Depending on requirements Pocket Interview may suffice Handheld Data Collection

5. Diary –collect self-report data record and monitor events and behaviours Electronic Diaries (compared with pen and paper): provide more complete entries produce fewer errors are more popular with users more forthright entries time-stamped entries Electronic Diaries

6. Stone, Shiffman, Schwartz, Broderick & Hufford (2002/2003) Diary logbook – equipped with light-sensitive chip that logged opening and closing of logbook Participants unaware of purpose of the study 90% entries completed but only 11% completed within 30 minutes of scheduled times 75% submitted entries for days that the diary had not been opened 45% of participants submitted entries that had been forward-filled Patient compliance with paper and electronic diaries

7. Prompt the user at various intervals ‘Experience Sampling’ ‘Ecological Momentary Assessment’ Avoids recall bias Gain understanding of experience in natural environments Handheld computers are currently the most widely used method of capturing real-time data Protocols – time and event-based Recording data in real-time

8. Question Types - text boxes - drop down combo-boxes check boxes radio buttons Trackbars (visual analog scales) Likert scales

9. Client featuresDemo mode - data not saved Branching Easy integration with databases Fullscreen mode Encryption Signalling options - audio alarm Shown to be easily usable by administrators and data providers Free!

10. easily usable via graphical user interfaces Desktop Administration Tool

11. Shield a non-programmer from fiddly configuration files

12. Help in the form of step through videos

13. Developed in collaboration with: Dr. Martyn Jones (School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dundee) Prof. Derek Johnston (Behavioural psychologist, University of Aberdeen) Studies using Pocket Interview: causes of work stress in nurses factors influencing hand hygiene practice in medical staff mental well-being of veterinary students nurse activity tracker exploring self-management demands in cancer patients interruptibility/availability

14. Freely available via website Distribution http://www.computing.dundee.ac.uk/acprojects/pocketinterview

15. Desktop PC Version - runs in the background - prompted using message balloons in the notification area of taskbar

16. Smartphone version Benefits: - Devices users may already own - Less likely to lose or forget - Project cost savings - Mobile phone network - GPS Future Work

17. Access to: government services banks paying bills transport entertainment (e.g. TV, radio) etc...... increasingly requires new technology The disabled and elderly may have problems or be excluded altogether A need to address the design of applications and devices

18. Research User Pool Particularly interested in older adults People over 50 make up the biggest percentage of the population Contact Marianne: Tel: (01382) 388237 Email: researchpool@computing.dundee.ac.uk Web: http://www.side.computing.dundee.ac.uk

19. If you know someone who might be interested or for further info contact: Paula Forbes - pforbes@computing.dundee.ac.uk Tel: 01382 385050 Drop in sessions Weekly computer classes Potential volunteers for research User Centre

20. Thank you http://www.computing.dundee.ac.uk/acprojects/pocketinterview http://www.side.computing.dundee.ac.uk