1. CHEE 340 Tutorial 1 Cell Structure and Metabolism

2. Cell Basics Cell Theory – All organisms are comprised of one or more cells – The cell is the smallest unit of life – All cells come from previously existing cells List 4 types of molecules synthesized by cells 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering2

3. Eukaryotic Cell The cytoplasm refers to the internal contents of a cell and is composed of ________ and _________. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering3

4. Organelles Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Cytoskeleton 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering4

5. Plasma Membrane Functions of the plasma membrane include: The plasma membrane is made up of ______________ which are amphipathic (_________ head and _______ tail) and combine tail-to-tail to form the _______________. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering5

6. Transport List 4 ways that molecules can be transported across a cell membrane The cell membrane allows the cell to maintain both an _________ and an _________ balance between itself and the extracellular fluid. A typical cell environment has a high concentration of _____ions inside the cell and a high concentration of ______ and ______ ions in the extracellular fluid. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering6

7. Receptors List 3 possible results of a ligand binding to a membrane-bound receptor – List 3 types of signalling – 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering7

8. Metabolism Cells require energy, which is generally provided by converting ______ to ______. Glucose metabolism requires _______ and consists of 2 phases: _________ and _________. It produces _____, _____, and ______. Lipid metabolism produces ______ energy than glucose metabolism. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering8

9. Energy storage Fat is stored in ________ for _______ use. Glucose is stored as ________ for _______ use. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering9

10. Relative Directions: ______________ and ________________ Anatomy 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering10

11. Anatomy 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering11

12. Tissue A tissue is an organized group of cells and extracellular matrix that perform a specialized activity Functions of the extracellular matrix: – 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering12

13. Extracellular Matrix Consists of a network of _______ and __________. ________ are transmembrane proteins that act as matrix receptors and connect the ECM to the cell’s cytoskeleton. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering13

14. Epithelial Tissue Functions: – Epithelial tissue that is 2+ cell layers thick is called ________________. Epithelial cells on internal surfaces are known as ________________. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering14

15. Connective Tissues Connective tissues are ________________. Connective tissues are primarily composed of the _________________. The connective tissue that connects muscles to bone is called a _____________, while the tissue that connects bone to bone is called a _____________. _________ is a fluid connective tissue. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering15

16. Blood Erythrocytes are also known as ___________. Thrombocytes are also known as __________ and are involved in ____________. ___________ are the “first responders” of the immune system. Monocytes differentiate into ____________ and help defend against ________________. _____________ are associated with the “memory” of the immune system. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering16

17. Muscle and Nerve Tissues Muscle cells respond to ________________. The three types of muscle tissue found in the human body are ________, ________, and _________. Nervous tissue is composed of _______ and __________. ________ sense stimuli at the __________ and transmit electrical impulses (signals) along the _________ to other cells or tissues. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering17

18. Nerve Tissue _______ cells support, protect, and nourish neurons. For example, oligodendrocytes excrete an ECM material known as ___________ to provide electrical insulation of CNS neurons. 18/09/2013CHEE 340: Biomedical Engineering18