1. Chapter 4 cells, tissues and organs

2. Objectives
Explain the importance of cells and their function in the horse
Identify the parts and organelles of cells
List and describe the functions of each of the major types of specialized animal cells
List the cell organelles and functions of each part
Describe how specialized cells are organized to form a tissue type
List and describe the six types of specialized animal tissues and their functions
Describe the difference between mitosis and meiosis
Describe blood and its function

3. Cellular respiration is driven by the mitochondria in the cell
Glucose converted to ATP
Sugar to energy
Glycolysis
Energy – needed by the cell to live
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy

4. Cell components
Plasma membrane – thin membrane of fats and proteins that surround the cell
Nucleus – storage of genetic material and directs the activity of the cell
Ribosomes – used in protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum – important in protein production
Goigt body (apparatus)- site of protein and lipid accumulation
Centrioles – appear as triple tubules – used in cell division
Microfilaments, microtubules, lysosomes, storage particles – cytoplasm,

6. Morphogenesis
Organisms start as one cell – divide and replicate by mitosis.
Organism develops into thousand of billions of cells
Morphogenesis
Not only division, but differentiation of cells for different purposes.

7. Mitosis

8. Meiosis

9. Oogenesis

10. Spermatogenesis

12. Types of cells Absorptive cells Secretory cells
Often found as continuous sheets – epithelial cells lining intestines, kidneys, large surface area. (figure 4-6)
Secretory cells
Cells that produce something to be used elsewhere – collected in Golgi bodies and released
Nerve cells- transmit electrical messages throughout the body
Sensory Cells – respond to stimuli by emitting electrical signals
Rods in the eye
Free nerve endings

13. Types of cells (cont’d)
Muscle Cells
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth (Involuntary)
Reproductive cells
Formed at the completion of meiosis

14. Tissues Nerve Epithelial Muscle Connective tissue
Contain large amounts of extracellular tissue
Tendons
Cartilage
Arterial walls

15. Tissues (cont’d) Fluid tissue Blood Lymph Plasma Red blood cells
Transport – mostly water
Clotting factors
Salts – muscle contraction, nerve impulses etc.
Carries nutrients to and waste from the cell
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen
White blood cells
Antibodies
Platelets
Early clotting
Lymph

16. Organs
Group(s) of specialized tissues that perform a specific function.
Examples?
What types of cells?

17. Flowchart
Cells – tissues – organs - organism