1. Englishes: British, Scottish, Global

2. Dialect, idiolect, sociolect
Received Pronunciation (RP)
(Received) Standard English,
Oxford English, Public School English,
BBC English
„talking proper/posh”; „la-di-dah”
1791: Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language (John Walker)
Education Act of 1870: rise of public schools

3. „He wore a tattered brown trilby, grey shabby trousers, crepe-soled shoes and a dark-coloured anorak. He carried a walking stick and spoke with a good accent, the police say.”
„It is impossible for an Englishman to open his mouth without making some other Englishmen despise him.” (G. B. Shaw)
Paul Scott: The Jewel in the Crown
(Hari Kumar and Ronald Merrick)

4. Dialects, RP and society
Thomas Hardy: Tess of the D’Urbervilles:
Tess, „who passed Sixth Standard in the National School under a London-trained mistress, spoke two languages: the dialect at home, more or less, ordinary English abroad and to persons of quality”
dialect - accent
Non-standard language: vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation

5. I didn’t have no dinner tonight.
I seen an accident before I come here.
Our teacher can’t learn us nothing.
(OE ‘leornian’)
I shall stay here while she comes.
(„Wait while lights flash.”)

6. Cockney English „cockeneyes”, „cockenay” (Bow Bells)
dropping the aitch
(„That’s an ‘edgeog. It’s really two words. ‘Edge and ‘og. Both begin with an aitch.”)
diphthongs: fate, great, high, why, don’t
about – abaht; thousand – fahsn, Gawd
the glottal stop
the linking ‘r’
v and w
‘th’ sounds (Fevvers, muvver, barf, fahsn)
question tags („innit”)
intonation, pitch, tone („Ay-ee, Ba-yee, Cy-ee”)

7. sources of Cockney Romany: pal, chavvy, mush Yiddish: shemozzle, nosh
Arabic and other Oriental: bint, cushy, dekko, shufti, doolally
French (WW2): parleyvoo, San fairy ann, toot sweet
Mate, chum, guvnor, cock, love
Blimey (Gorblimey), Cor, Wotcha
aggro

8. Literary Cockney
Sam Weller in Dickens’ The Pickwick Papers (Wellerisms: „Bevare of vidders”)
G. B. Shaw: Pygmalion
Kipling: Barrack-Room Ballads
East Enders (soap); Only Fools and Horses (sitcom)

9. Cockney slang Adam and Eve Brahms and Liszt Rosy Lee
trouble and strife
butcher’s; cobbler’s
Jimmy Riddle; Bristols
to rabbit; raspberry
Joe Strummer, Hampdon roar, Salisbury Crag
BACK-SLANG (yob, nevis)

10. Geordie English talk, walk – wahk Clear ‘l’ Uvular ‘r’
Don’t, goat, know
Down, town

11. Scouse(r) English „lobscouse” Fair=fur, spare=spur Singing Pin, sing
‘r’: alveolar tap (rabbit, grass, carry)
Matter – ‘marra’ (Norra lorra fun)
k/x/ing, back/x/, d/z/ad, bad/z/
Adenoidal speech
Brookside (soap opera)

12. Yorkshire dialect Fast, car, path House, down – hoos, doon
Up, cut, much
‘th’ sounds
Summat
Norse words: beck, lake (laik)

13. Scottish English, Scots
‘r’ sound („rhotic”) (laird, beard, bird)
Vowel length rule
Rise vs rice, brewed vs brood,
Do, poor, use – boot, tool
Voiceless velar fricative (loch)
Where, while

14. Scots
Gaelic: glarsach, loch, pibroch, cairn, clachan, capercailzie, slogan
ceilidh, slainte
Old E: bairn, wee, bide, dicht, heuch, glaikit
Norse: ain, aye, blether, kirk, lass, lowp, maun
Dutch: pinkie, callan, coft

15. Literary Scots (Lallans Scots)
Robert Burns (18th cent.)
Scottish Renaissance (1920-s, 30s)
Hugh MacDiarmid: The Eemis Stane

16. India Hindi loanwords: bungalow, pundit, pukka, juggernaut, jungle,
the Hobson-Jobson (dictionary, 1886)
Three Language Formula

17. South Africa: Afrikaans
trek, spoor, veldt
Jamaica and West Indies: Creole
„Di kuk di tel mi mi faamin, bot it nat so.”
Singlish
West Africa: Krio
Pidgin Englishes
(eg. Tok Pisin in New Guinea)