1. The Philippines

2. Historical Background
Mix of Indonesian and Malaysian
Later affected by Chinese and Muslim traders
Conquered by Spanish in 1571
Named after Spanish king Philip II
Used as a center for trans-Pacific trade
Info from

3. Spanish Influence Catholicism became dominant religion
Unification of islands in early 1800s
Free trade by mid-1800s
Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas spreading into upper Filipino classes
Wealthy Filipino family – 19th century

4. Growth of Nationalism 3 major groups
Spanish (conservative, led by Catholic leaders)
Ilustrados (upper class, educated Filipinos)
Revolutionaries (lower class uneducated Filipinos and minority groups)
Ilustrado leaders Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, and Mariano Ponce

5. Growth of Nationalism Liga Filipina Katipunan Led by Jose Rizal
National nonviolent political organization
Katipunan
Secret society committed to winning independence
Emilio Aguinaldo led rebellion in 1896
Defeated 1897
Andres Bonifacio, founder of Katipunan
Emilio Aguinaldo
Trans: “Revolution – Towards Change”

6. Nationalist Wars US vs Spain
1898
Filipinos fought with the US, expected independence as reward
US refused
US vs Philippines
Won by US

7. American Control Phase 1 Phase 2 1901-1935 “teaching” Major parties
Progressives
Nacionalistas
Phase 2
“transition”
Included Japanese occupation
“Uncle Sam – well sonny, what is it? Philippines – where do I come in on this?”

8. Independence July 4, 1946 First President Manuel Roxas
1957 – Carlos Garcia
Filipinos First movement
Manuel Roxas (above)
Carlos Garcia (left)

9. Nationalist Problems Communist movements
Throughout 1960s and 1970s
Hukbalahap (Huks)
Muslim south alienated by Christian north
Difficulty working with other Asian countries
Nationalist dictators
Ferdinand Marcos
Luis Taruc – Huk leader
Ferdinand Marcos

10. Blue stripe – peace, truth and justice
8-rayed sun – 8 original provinces that began 1896 revolution
Three small stars – three main island groups
Red stripe – patriotism and valor
White equilateral triangle – equality and fraternity