1. The War To End All Wars: World War I
Presented By: Joshua Burrows
The War To End All Wars: World War I

2. Section 1
World War I Begins

3. Causes of World War I M.A.I.N.
Militarism- the development of armed forces for use as tools for imperialism and diplomacy
Alliances
Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire
Allies- Britain, France, and Russia

4. Causes of World War I Cont.
Imperialism- the extension of a nation’s control over new territory
Nationalism- devotion to and pride in the interests and culture of one’s nation

5. Balkan Peninsula “Powder Keg of Europe” Countries
Albania
Bosnia
Romania
Serbia
International Interests
Railway from Germany to Ottoman Empire
Russia> Mediterranean Sea

6. Map of WWI
Map of the Alliances in Europe during World War I

7. The Spark : Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in 1914
Heir to the Austrian Throne
Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip: Assassin
Results
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Alliance system is put into action

8. The Archduke
Picture of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. He would of inherited the throne of Austria if he was not assassinated.

9. Gavrilo Princip
The assassin who was responsible for murdering The Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his mistress Sophie. He was believed to be a member of the gang The Black Hand

10. Emperor of Germany
Portrait of Kaiser Wilhelm II, the Emperor of Germany. Aiding Austria-Hungary because of the alliance system, he will unknowingly be the cause of the US joining the Allies in WWI

11. Warfare Begins Schlieffen Plan
Germany’s strategic plan to go straight to Paris
After conquering France, attention could be directed at Russia
Allies hold up at the Marne River and conduct Trench Warfare

12. Warfare Begins Continued
3 types of Trench Warfare
Front Line
Support
Reserve
“No Man’s Land”- godforsaken area between the trenches
Trench Warfare was brutal and harsh for both the attackers and defenders
Huge amounts of casualties for charging forces
Trench foot, Shellshock, and disease took a toll on defenders

13. America Questions Neutrality
In 1914, most US citizens did not want to get involved
In contradiction, some still had ties to Europe
Felt close to Europe due to:
Common language
Ancestry
Government
US had economic ties with the Allies

14. Trench Warfare
Pictures of the brutal conditions of trench warfare experienced in WWI. Between the confined space, mud, disease, depression, low morale, death, and many other factors, WWI had some of the worst conditions for soldiers out of any war.

15. Blockade
British Blockade- The British Royal Navy blockaded German Coast
Prevent weapons and military supplies from leaving or entering Germany
American ships carrying German merchandise couldn’t go through the blockade
Germany could not import foods
Resulted in famine

16. The War Hits Home Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
German response to British Blockade
German U-Boats would engage any ships flying Allied Flags
Germans sank the Lusitania in 1915
128 American casualties
Sussex Pledge- Germany will not sink anymore ships without warning
1916 Election- Woodrow Wilson is relected
“He Kept Us Out Of War”

17. Sinking of the Lusitania
Illustration of the U-Boat U-20 surfacing after sinking the British passenger ship Lusitania

18. The US Gets Involved Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare
Zimmerman Note
Secret note from Germany to Mexico
If Mexico joined the Central Powers, they would receive the Mexican Cession Territory
British intercepted the telegram, sent it to the US; Mexico declined the offer

19. Zimmerman Note Political Cartoon
Any early form of the press expressing their opinions of politics, Political Cartoons have been made around for a long time. This is one describing the Zimmerman Note situation.

20. The Zimmerman Note
The “before” and “after” of the interception of the Zimmerman Note

21. US Declares War Oppressive Russian monarchy replaced with a democracy
US feared communism
Bolshevic Revolution
US felt comfortable with Lenin’s Russia
President Woodrow Wilson delivers a declaration of war
US joins the Allies

22. Section 2
American Power Tips the Balance

23. America Mobilizes
Selective Service Act- required for men to register with in order to be randomly selected for military service
The US had to achieve the goal of supplying and transporting a large army during German unrestricted submarine warfare
Exempted shipyard workers for draft
Shipyards used assembly line techniques
Converted commercial and private ships into warships

24. America Turns the Tide
American Admiral William S. Sims conceived the idea of the Convoy System
Armed Destroyers escort merchant or supply ships on the Atlantic
American troops contributed the Allied war effort with supplies, troops, and moral
American Expeditionary Force
Known as the “Doughboys”
Commanded by General John J. Pershing

25. Convoy System
A group of Destroyer Class Warships escorts civilian ships across the Atlantic

26. New Weaponry Machine Guns Tanks Airplanes Observation Balloons
Poison Gas

27. Machine Guns The first machine gun was used in the American Civil War
Designed by Gatling; known as the “Gatling Gun” or the “Gatling Cannon”
Multiple Barrels
Crank powered
Shell Casings
Fast-forward 60 years, machine guns are gas powered and chain or clip fed
Maxim, Vickers, Lewis, and Hotchkiss machine guns were some of the most widely used

28. WWI Machine Guns
Pictures of common machine guns used in WWI; Vickers Machine Gun (Top Left), Maxim Machine Gun (Top Right), Lewis Machine Gun (Bottom)

29. Tanks Tanks were the infantry’s worst nightmare on a WWI battlefield
Primitive tanks were designed to punch through “No Man’s Land” and take enemy trenches by force
However tanks in WWI had defects
Lightly armored and armed
Tank crews would experience sea sickness
Gas fumes would flood the inside compartment

30. WWI Tanks
Picture of a British Mark I Tank issued into service in Some initial models had two large wheels added to the back for aided steering, but after proved unsuccessful, they were left off of later models

31. Airplanes
Airplanes would be the one invention that wasn’t originally intended for warfare but would be used for war to this day
Originally created by Orville and Wilbur Wright for transportation and commercial use
During WWI it would have various uses
Dogfights- multiple planes would fight in air
Bombers- capable of dropping a single bomb
Scouts- used to scout out enemy movements ahead

32. WWI Airplanes
Picture of Central Powers bombers targeting allies on the battlefield. These primitive airplanes are made out of wood and light fabric material and could not withstand much flak, as seen around the airplanes in the photo.

33. Observation Balloons
Dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries, Observation Balloons were widely used by both sides during WWI
Used to observe the battlefield and give information to the infantry, they had their pros and cons
“Sitting Duck”
Flack, AA, Machine Guns, and nets were used as defense

34. Poison Gas
Poison Gas was a new form of military technology first used in WWI
Will come to be known as “chemical warfare”
Most commonly used was Chlorine Gas
Targeted “No Man’s Land” and enemy trenches
Either dropped from a bomber or shot from artillery
Chlorine Gas reacts with moisture; First burning your eyes, then turning your lungs into liquid

35. Chlorine Gas
Victims of a Chlorine Gas attack in WWI. Bandages over their blinded eyes, surprisingly, these were the lucky ones.

36. New Hazards Trench Warfare Battle fatigue and Shellshock
Trench mouth and trench foot
Lice, rats, disease
Polluted water, poison gas
Battle fatigue and Shellshock
Civilian targets
Libraries
Cathedrals
City Districts

37. American Troops Go on the Offensive
Russia signed their own treaty with Germany after the Bolshevic Revolution in 1917
Left out of the Treaty of Versailles
Germans shifted attention to Western Front
Americans reinforce the allies just in time
Stopped the German offensive
Tide began to turn against the Central Powers

38. The Collapse of the Central Powers
Austria-Hungary surrenders in November, 1918
German sailors mutinied
Mutiny spread like wildfire
Germans started to organize revolutions
Berlin Socialists began to establish a Republic
Kaiser Wilhelm II gave up throne
Germans were exhausted to keep fighting
WWI ends on the 11th hour on the 11th day in the 11th month of 1918
Germany agreed to an Armistice
Everybody drops their weapons and goes home