1. Get with your groups and be ready to present your political cartoon!
Make sure you have all of your papers (role sheets, written description, and cartoon)
Get out your Expansion of President Chart (with the five presidents).
Bell ringer

2. Presentation time!
Presidential Cartoons – On the back of your worksheet:
Which President?
Summarize what is seen in political cartoon.
List the:
Type of humor used
List the symbols used

4. The Invisible Government
The Bureaucracy
The Invisible Government

5. Bureaucracy Bureaucrat
A large organization structured hierarchically to carry out specific functions to make it more efficient
Bureaucrat
A person who works for an organization, has defined duties and responsibilities

6. Features of a Bureaucracy
1. Hierarchical authority – built on a pyramid with a chain of command
Benefits: speeds action, reduces conflict over decisions

7. Features of a Bureaucracy
2. Job specialization – bureaucrat has defined duties with a precise division of labor
Benefits: each person has own job and gains specialized skills

8. Features of a Bureaucracy
3. Formal rules – does work according to set of regulations and procedures
Benefits: decisions based on these, can do things even if people leave

9. The Federal Bureaucracy
What is the federal bureaucracy?
The Federal Bureaucracy

10. The Federal Bureaucracy is:
4 million employees; 2.8 million are civilians or “civil servants”
President only appoints 3% (patronage or political appointments)
15 cabinet level departments
200+ independent agencies with 2,000+ bureaus, divisions, branches, etc.
Biggest - Dept. of Defense, U.S. Postal Service, Veterans Administration

11. Bureaucrats at Work

12. Image of Bureaucracy
People have a very negative image of government bureaucracy—Why?
Faceless
Nameless
“red tape”
(Compare the agent at the DMV to a cell phone customer service rep)
(What do we think of when we think of a fireman)
“…we expect bureaucracies not merely to expend maximum effort in solving societal problems but to dispose of them entirely, whether solvable or not.” Charles Goodsell

13. The Federal Bureaucracy
How is the federal bureaucracy organized?
The Federal Bureaucracy

14. The Federal Bureaucracy
Consists of
Executive Office of the President
Cabinet Departments
Independent Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Government Corporations

15. The Name Game Department: agencies of cabinet rank
Agency: refers to any governmental body. Identify a major unit headed by a single administrator of near-cabinet status (Environmental Protection Agency)
Administration: refers to any governmental body (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
Commission: agencies charged with regulation of business activities (Federal Communications Commissions)
Corporation/Authority: agencies that conduct business-like activities (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
The Name Game

16. Federal Bureaucracy Federal Bureaucracy President Congress Executive
Office
of the
President
(Ex: OMB, NSC)
Independent
Regulatory
Commissions
(Ex: FCC, SEC)
Cabinet
Departments
(Ex: State, Defense)
Independent
Executive
Agencies
(Ex: CIA, NASA)
Government Corporations
(Ex: Amtrack, Postal Service)

17. Organization of the U.S. Government
“No government ever voluntarily reduces itself in size. Government programs, once launched, never disappear. Actually, a government bureau is the nearest thing to eternal life we’ll ever see on this earth!” Ronald Reagan, 1964

19. Define bureaucracy and explain the three features of it.
Bell Ringer

20. The Executive Office of the President
Why it matters?
Composed of President’s closest advisors and several support agencies.
Chief executive’s right arm in the formation and execution of nation’s public policies.

21. The White House Office Purpose: Why Critical: How Helps:
Nerve center for entire executive branch
Why Critical:
Presidents most trusted advisors
Influential in determining national policy
How Helps:
Advisors gather information in area of expertise and present to the President
The White House Office

22. The National Security Council (NSA)
Purpose:
Advises President on National Security
Why Critical:
President consults with top advisors in group before making most major steps in foreign affairs
How Helps:
Help President formulate foreign policy based on President’s priorities
The National Security Council (NSA)

23. Office of Management and Budget
Purpose:
Prepare federal budget submitted annually to Congress
Why Critical:
Detailed work plan for conduct of government.
Study organization and management
Keeps President informed on other agencies
How Helps:
Allocated to programs according to President’s priorities
Helps take stand on legislation
Office of Management and Budget

26. If you were an advisor to the President in the National Security Counsel how would you advise the President to react to the situation in the Ukraine? Explain (3 sentences).
Bell Ringer

27. Current White House Staff
Chief of Staff:
Dennis McDonough
Press Secretary:
Jay Carney
Current White House Staff

28. The Executive Departments
Why it matters?
Fifteen executive departments carry out much of the Federal Government’s work.
The heads of these departments frequently meet with the President and other officials as the Cabinet.

29. Organization Headed by Secretary (or Attorney General)
Deputy Secretary aids Secretary
Divided into smaller units
Agencies have offices around country
Largest: Department of Defense
Newest: Department of Homeland Security
Organization

30. Organization of Homeland Security Agencies after 9/11

31. The Cabinet Who is it? Choosing Members: Cabinet’s Role:
Group of advisors to the President
15 total heads of the Executive Departments
Choosing Members:
President appoints (confirmed by Senate)
Factors: party, experience, abilities, gender, race
Cabinet’s Role:
Administrative head of one of the executive departments
Together advisors to the president
The Cabinet

32. Secretary of Energy
Ernest Moniz
Secretary of Defense
Chuck Hagel
Secretary of Ag.
Thomas Vilsack
Secretary of Commerce
Penny Pritzker
Secretary of Education
Arne Duncan
Secretary of Health/Human Services
Kathleen Sebelius

33. Secretary of Housing/
Urban Development
Shaun Donovan
Secretary of Homeland Sec.
Jeh Johnson
Secretary of Interior
Sally Jewell
Attorney General
Eric Holder
Secretary of Labor
Thomas Perez
Secretary of State
John Kerry

34. Secretary of Transportation
Anthony Foxx
Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Eric Shinseki
Secretary of Treasury
Jack Lew

35. Do you believe the E.O.P or the Cabinet are more influential in helping the President make decisions? Why?
Exit Ticket

37. How many current Cabinet Departments do we have
How many current Cabinet Departments do we have? Which do you think has the biggest influence on the President? Why?
Bell Ringer

38. Dept. of Veterans Affairs State Dept. Dept. Agriculture
Dept. of Transportation
Dept. of Justice
Dept. of Interior
Dept. of Labor
Dept. Housing/Urban Dev.
Dept. Homeland Security
Dept. Education
Dept. Energy
Dept. of Treasury
Dept. Health/Human Services
Dept. Commerce
Dept. Defense

40. Which agency are you doing
Which agency are you doing? What is one fact you have found out about the agency?
Exit Ticket

41. Why are Independent Agencies needed
Why are Independent Agencies needed? List the three types and define them.
Bell Ringer

42. Independent Agencies Why it matters?
150 executive branch agencies are not located in 15 departments
Some rival Cabinet departments in size of budget, functions, and number of employees

43. Why Independent Agencies?
Agencies don’t fit within departments
To protect agencies from political party pressures
Accident
Peculiar nature of functions
Why Independent Agencies?

44. Independent Executive Agencies
Define:
include most independent agencies
organized like Cabinet departments
But DO NOT have Cabinet status
Examples:
Civil Rights Commission, Federal Election Commission, American Battle Monuments Commission, Citizens’ Stamp Advisory Committee
Independent Executive Agencies

45. Independent Regulatory Commissions
Define:
Stand out because beyond reach of presidential direction and control because structured by Congress
10 total agencies
Created to regulate, or police, important aspects of the nation’s economy
Examples:
Security Exchange Commission (SEC), Federal Reserve
Independent Regulatory Commissions

46. Government Corporations
Define:
Within executive branch and subject to Presidential control
Set up like a private corporation
Run by board of directors with manager
Produce Income that is put back into the business
President selects with Senate confirmation
Examples:
FDIC, Post Office, Export-Import Bank of the U.S.
Government Corporations

47. Civil Service People who perform administrative work for government
2.7 million people – not appointed by the President, but hired separately
Development:
Patronage: Giving jobs to supporters and friends (Jefferson)
Spoils System: Giving offices and other favors of government to political supports and friends (Jackson)
Today:
The Office of Personnel Management
Central clearinghouse in federal recruiting, examining, and hiring process
Advertises for employees, examines those who apply, keeps registers, and contacts potential employees.
Civil Service

48. Central Intelligence Agency:
Director - John O. Brennan
Environmental Protection
Agency:
Administrator Gina McCarthy
Consumer Product Safety Commission:
Commissioner Bob Adler
Federal Communications
Commission:
Chairman Tom Wheeler
Federal Emergency
Management Agency:
W. Craig Fugate
Federal Election Commission:
Chairman Lee E. Goodman

49. Federal Trade Commission:
Chairwoman Edith Ramirez
Nuclear Regulatory
Commission:
Chairman Allison
M. Macfarlane
National Transportation Safety
Board:
Chairman Deborah Hersman
Social Security Admin.:
Commissioner Carolyn W. Colvin
Federal Energy Regulatory Comm.:
Chairman Cheryl A. Lafleur
National Labor Relations
Board:
Chairman Marc G Pearce

50. Civil Rights Commission:
Chairman Martin R. Castro
NASA: Administrator
Major Charles F. Bolden, Jr.
Peace Corps:
Director Carrie Hessler-Radelet

51. First, define what the civil service is
First, define what the civil service is. Next, looking at this chart, what can you say about the profile of civil service employees?
Bell Ringer

52. What are the 15 Cabinet Departments? (List as many as you can)
Extra Credit

53. When is your: Project Due? Test?
Exit Ticket

54. Roles of the President – Chief Executive: Chief Diplomat: Commander in Chief: Chief of State: Chief Citizen: Chief of Party: Chief Legislator: Chief Administrator: Presidential Qualifications – Presidential Term/Term limits (22nd Amendment) – Pay and Benefits – Succession – 25th Amendment Presidential Succession Act of 1947: Order of Succession: Vice Presidency – Roles Electing the President – Electors (amount needed): Electoral College (positives and negatives): Powers of the President – Formal: Informal: Executive Powers: Ordinance Power Executive Order: Executive Agreement: Executive Privilege: Appointment Power Removal Power Judicial Powers: Powers of Clemency Reprieve Pardon Power of Commutation Power of Amnesty Legislative Powers: Military Powers: Diplomatic Powers Treaties Executive Agreements How these powers have expanded: Bureaucracy – Define: Bureaucrat: Features of a Bureaucracy: Differences between departments, agencies, commissions, administrations, and corporations: Executive Office of the President: Purpose White House Office National Security Council Office of Management and Budget Other agencies Executive Departments: Growth Criteria Appointment 15 Cabinet Departments Independent Agencies: Independent Executive Agencies Independent Regulatory Commissions Government Corporations Civil Service: Patronage Spoils System Office of Personnel Management
Unit 4 – part 1 study guide