1. DWFP Fly Control Research Philip G. Koehler Margie & Dempsey Sapp Endowed Professor of Urban Entomology Florida Pest Management Association Endowed Professor University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611

2. DWFP Fly Fighter Team University of Florida Dr. Philip Koehler Principal Investigator Dr. Matt Aubuchon Light Traps Ryan Welch, M.S. Baited Traps Alex Chaskopoulou Novel Insecticides HM1 Jeff Hertz Fly Cords Dr. Roberto Peirera Associate Research Scientist Terry KruegerTiny Willis Graduate Assistants Technical Assistants LT Ricky Vazquez Toxicity Testing

4. DWFP at University of Florida New Fly Control Technologies New insecticides Utilize fly behavior New delivery devices Develop devices/technologies –Eliminate human contact with insecticides –Kill flies before they cause harm, reproduce, or transmit disease

5. Fly Control Within the Establishment Techniques –Light traps –Sticky traps –Space sprays

6. Objectives Determine efficacy of light traps in catching house flies –Sylvania ® Cool white 15W –Sylvania ® Warm white 15W –Sylvania ® BLB (UV) 25W Compare effects of –Type of bulb in trap –Competing light Matt Aubuchon, Ph.D. Dissertation

7. Fly Light Traps UVCool whiteWarm white Light Trap Viewed Down Light Tunnel Competing Light

8. Light Competing Light Fly Cage

9. ............. 0.005 0.05 0.01 0.10 1.00 0.50 Sensitivity of fly eye  w/cm 2 Spectrum of UV Bulbs

10. 0.005 0.05 0.01 0.10 1.00 0.50  w/cm 2 Spectrum of Cool White Bulbs Sensitivity of fly eye

11. 0.005 0.05 0.01 0.10 1.00 0.50  w/cm 2 Spectrum of Warm White Bulbs Sensitivity of fly eye

12. UVCool whiteWarm white

13. Competing Only Cool Light Bulb Warm Light Bulb UV Bulb

14. Fly Attraction to Light Traps A B

15. Competing Light Intensity on UV Light Trap Catch A D C B B 0.0091.46125.6727.4351.21 Lumens/m 2 F=39.46; df=4; P<0.0001

16. Quality of Competing Light on UV Light Trap Catch A C BB B Dark ControlDaylightBlack LightWarm WhiteCool White F=56.60; df=4; P<0.0001

17. ~ 25 ft Perimeter Traps or Baits at Establishment Perimeter

18. Trap Flies at Establishment Perimeter In use since 1911 (Pickens 1995) Consists of attractant inside trap that entices house flies to enter through inverted cone (Bishopp and Henderson 1946, Pickens 1995). Placement (Mitchell et al 1975, Pickens 1994) –Every 9-30 ft near common breeding sites –1 ft from the ground

19. Ryan Welch, M.S. student Research Objectives Determine influence of visual and odor cues for fly attraction to traps Determine changes in fly attraction to differently aged attractant mixtures Purpose: develop methods of controlling flies by attracting them to toxicants or traps

20. Commercial Fly Traps Bottom-Entry Traps Top-Entry Traps

21. Percentage of House Flies Caught in Six Commercial Traps a Data were arcsine square root transformed before analysis. Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (a = 0.05, Student Newman-Keuls test; SAS 2001). 25.00 (8.10)b28.00 (5.42)b22.00 (13.71)b4Terminator ® Pro 28.80 (6.09)ab32.80 (7.31)b24.80 (5.57)ab5Fly Magnet ® 47.20 (9.73)ab58.40 (12.24)ab36.00 (9.38)ab5Rescue! ® 28.86 (5.03)ab34.86 (6.97)b22.86 (4.07)ab7BC 1752 Dome 43.71 (4.40)ab35.43 (6.32)b51.43 (7.33)a7Advantage TM 52.22 (5.13)a66.22 (5.89)a38.22 (5.21)ab9Trap n’ Toss TM TotalFemalesMalesnTrap % Catch (SE) a

22. Aged Attractant Increased Trap Catch Attractant Mixture Yeast and ammonium carbonate Aged 1 vs 7 days

23. Domed Funnel Trap Odor plume Attractant Visual cues

24. Cardboard Trap Odor Plumes No visual cues

25. Traps in Cage Cardboard traps Dome traps

26. Fly Catch in Traps 2 h Visual + Odor Attraction Odor Attraction

27. Scatter Fly Baits Very effective –Fast kill –Little resistance Primary Baits –Golden Malrin –Maxforce Granular New sprayable spot baits

28. Maxforce Fly Spot Bait

30. Imidacloprid (Neo-nicotinoid) Imidacloprid (Neo-nicotinoid) Thiamethoxam (Neo-nicotinoid) Thiamethoxam (Neo-nicotinoid) Acetamiprid (Neo-nicotinoid) Acetamiprid (Neo-nicotinoid) Fipronil (Phenyl-pyrazole) Fipronil (Phenyl-pyrazole) Bifenthrin (Pyrethroid) Bifenthrin (Pyrethroid) Evaluate residual activity of newer pesticides LT Ricky Vazquez, MS, USAR Research Objective

31. 1 Hour Mortality 48 Hour Mortality

32. Fly Cords Introduced 1947; Commercially available early 50’s –Parathion, Diazinon, Ronnel, Dieldrin, DDT –High doses: some up to 25% a.i. –Only available in cotton (Baker, Scudder, Guy) Provided season long control (Smith 1958, Kilpatrick and Schoof 1959, Weinburgh, Kilpatrick, and Schoof 1961) Not available today, but impregnated cords are recommended by the WHO and the U.S. Military (WHO 2006, AFPMB 2006) HM1 Jeff Hertz, M.S. student

33. “Attractiveness” Assay Resting flies were counted every 10 min for 2 hrs PolypropyleneWool CottonManillaNylon

34. Number of Resting Flies on Various Natural and Synthetic Cords B A B C C Synthetic Fibers Natural Fibers

35. Cord Treatment Cords dipped for ~2 sec. –Fipronil (Termidor SC, 9.1% a.i., BASF) a.i. per treatment = 0.1% 2.7 ml of formulated product + 250 ml of tap water –Indoxacarb (DPX MPO62, 30WG, DuPont) a.i. pert treatment = 0.6% 5 g of formulated product + 250 ml of tap water Mortality Defined –Fipronil = inability to remain standing –Indoxacarb = unresponsiveness Flies killed by treated wool cords

36. Percent Mortality of House Flies Exposed to Insecticide-Impregnated Cords Fipronil Indoxacarb Control

37. LT 50 (hours) Values of Various Natural and Synthetic Cords Impregnated with Insecticides CordTreatmentTrials (n)Slope ± SELT 50 95% FL CottonFipronil27509.52 ± 0.3639.7039.19-40.21 Indoxacarb22484.04 ± 0.1352.2350.32-54.25 ManilaFipronil100012.98 ± 0.8335.0434.51-35.61 Indoxacarb16595.10 ± 0.7436.2432.30-38.73 WoolFipronil12505.32 ± 0.2912.8712.29-13.41 Indoxacarb42506.44 ± 0.1632.5732.04-33.12 PolyproFipronil40004.53 ± 0.1726.2225.50-26.91 Indoxacarb22503.11 ± 0.2052.1749.68-54.49 NylonFipronil15003.68 ± 0.2523.0421.25-24.62 Indoxacarb20006.57 ± 0.5439.2337.19-40.84 Fipronil Assay = Mortality based on inability to remain standing Indoxacarb Assay = Mortality based on unresponsiveness

38. Wool Cord @ rate of 30 linear ft/100 ft 2 of area Sampling Stage

39. Sampling Walk arena 3 times 4 counts of all flies landing on the sampling stage, food source, and attractant. Tap Water 10% Sugar Water Spent Larval Medium

40. Percent Reduction of House Flies Exposed to Insecticide-Impregnated Cords in Cages 02448 FipronilIndoxacarb Control

41. New Technologies for Fly Control New insecticides –Fipronil –Indoxacarb –Imidacloprid Utilize fly behavior –Light Traps –Baited Traps New delivery devices –Fly Cords –Sprayable fly baits These devices/technologies –Eliminate human contact with insecticides –Can kill flies before they cause harm, reproduce, or transmit disease Light Traps Fly Cords Baited Traps Spot Fly Bait Spot fly bait

42. Acknowledgements U.S. Navy, U.S. Army –Lt. Ricky Vazquez –1 st LT Cynthia Tucker –HM1 Jeff Hertz Deployed Warfighter Program The entire Urban Entomology Lab at UF