1. Basic Skin and Scuba Diving Friday, 16 Nov 2012 12:40pm – 1:55pm Turning Stone Resort Pool Presenter: Bart “Woody” Woodworth United States Military Academy, West Point Those attending may choose (but are not required) to participate in safe and developmental Skin and Scuba Diving activities.

2. Basic Skin and Scuba Diving in Physical Education Skin and Scuba Diving are low-impact, lifelong fitness-building activities. The focus of this session is to share knowledge and skills for safe diving instruction. It is designed for physical education teachers, recreation leaders, aquatic personnel, and others who would like to include Skin and Scuba Diving in their program. Those attending may choose (but are not required) to participate in safe and developmental Skin and Scuba Diving activities.

3. Basic Skin and Scuba Diving in Physical Education Why offer skin diving Curriculum Development Facilities Qualified Instructors Risk Management Budget Basic Equipment

4. Why offer skin diving  Develop skin diving skills for swimmers  Develop skin diving skills for scuba divers  Provide preparatory training for scuba diving instruction  Add variety to an aquatics program  Interdisciplinary- marine environment, aquatic life, biology, conservation of environment, art/photography, other.  Skin diving for fun and “fitness”

5. Curriculum Development  Agency standards vs. develop your own http://naui.org/  Age appropriate Skin diving: 8 years or older Scuba diving: 10 yeas or older  Appropriate to skill level  Certification/assessment – grading issues

7. Facilities  Pool/confined water environment  Classroom/discussion area  Possibility of open water environment?

8. Qualified Instructors Certified through recognized agency: National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) http://www.naui.org/ International Diving Educators Association (IDEA) http://ideascuba.com/ Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) http://www.padi.com/ Scuba Schools International (SSI) http://www.divessi.com/ Professional Diving Instructors Corporation (PDIC) http://www.pdic-intl.com/

9. Risk Management  Medical History – students  Contraindications to diving  Teacher/student ratio’s  Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

10. Budget  Equipment  Instructors  Instructional resources, supplies

11. Basic Equipment  Mask  Fins  Snorkel  Booties  Buoyancy Compensators  Weight Belts  Wet Suits  Safety – Buoyancy devices/First Aid Kit/(Oxygen Kit)

12. Basic Skin and Scuba Diving Activities  Equipment orientation  Ear equalization  Snorkel Use  Finning Techniques

13. Basic Skin and Scuba Diving Activities  Equipment orientation Mask Snorkel Fins Buoyancy Compensator  Ear equalization Early and often Head cold ≠ No diving

14. Snorkel Use  Blast – “TOO-WEEY”  “Splash the instructor”  Water shooting contests  Breathing through water  Displacement  Breathing with nose exposed  Buddy breathing with snorkels

15. Finning Techniques  “Push-a-war”  Gutter kicks – splashing  Using one fin  How high in water  Greatest distance/least # strokes

16. Risk IdentificationReduction Strategies Slipping on wet tiles- Instruct to walk - never run - Instruct to never wear fins on deck - Inspect tiles Entries - entering water - Instruct on proper entry techniques - Provide written and verbal warnings - Instruct last action to look Squeezes/Reverse squeezes - Instruction on Boyle's law – pressure - Identify cadets with ear/sinus problems - Require cadets to report health problems - Warn cadets of potential injury - Teach proper equalization techniques - Provide written and verbal warnings Decompression sickness - Provide written and verbal warnings - Instruct gas laws - Henry/Dalton/Boyle - Identify cadets on sky diving team - Instruct on proper ascent rate - Instruct NAUI tables - Location of hyperbaric facilities - Instruct no flying after diving - 24 hours Risk Assessment (1 of 4)

17. Risk IdentificationReduction Strategies Over-expansion injuries - Provide written and verbal warnings - Teach proper venting techniques - Instruct to never hold breath - Location of hyperbaric facilities - Instruct proper ascent rate - Identify health/lung problems Running out of air- Provide written and verbal warnings - Instruct proper air monitoring - Instruct Boyles law, air density - Instruct air consumption at depth - Instruct out of air options - ESA, BB, octopus Viral transmission- Provide written and verbal warnings - Make drills optional - Properly rinse equipment Blown O-ring- Provide verbal warnings - Instruct O-ring inspection Overweighted- Provide written and verbal warnings - Inspect weight belts - Conduct proper buoyancy checks - Instruct Archimedes principle Risk Assessment (2 of 4)

18. Risk IdentificationReduction Strategies Uncontrolled ascent- Teach proper buoyancy control - Teach proper venting techniques - Instruct proper BC use - Instruct proper weight belt use - Provide written and verbal warnings Loss of weight belt- Provide written and verbal warnings - Instruct proper venting techniques - Instruct removal and replacement of weight belt - Instruct proper weight belt buckle use - Instruct ESA Tank valve breakage- Provide written and verbal warnings - Instruct Charles law - Instruct tank use and care - Instruct proper equipment hook-up Loss of mask- Provide written and verbal warnings - Instruct proper mask use - Instruct mask clearing - Instruct black out mask - Identify weak performers - Instruct buddy system Risk Assessment (3 of 4)

19. Risk IdentificationReduction Strategies Shallow water blackout - Provide written and verbal warnings - Instruct hyperventilation - Instruct buddy system - Instruct proper breath holding techniques Panic- Provide written and verbal warnings - Identify weak performers - Instruct emergency procedures - Instruct buddy system - Instruct confidence building progressions - Instruct on signs of nervousness/panic Cramps- Provide written and verbal warnings - Instruct cramp removal techniques - Instruct carry techniques - Instruct buddy system Lack of communication - Provide written and verbal warnings - Instruct hand signals and underwater communications - Instruct buddy system Unable to support body above water - Provide written and verbal warnings - Instruct proper BC use - Instruct weight belt removal - Instruct proper buoyancy control - Instruct proper buoyancy check - Instruct buddy system Risk Assessment (4 of 4)

21. How to locate a NAUI Instructor 1.Go to http://naui.org/http://naui.org/ 2.Click Education 3.Locate a Dive Center or 4.Locate a Trainer 5.Type in City and State 6.Search

22. NAUI Dive Centers, NY

23. NAUI Course Directors, NY 1 of 3

24. NAUI Course Directors, NY 2 of 3

25. NAUI Course Directors, NY 3 of 3

26. Questions Bart "Woody" Woodworth, Ed.D. Colonel, US Army Retired Director of Operations United States Military Academy Department of Physical Education 727 Brewerton Road West Point, NY 10996 Bldg 727, Arvin CPDC, Room B343 Phone 845.938.2969 Fax 845.938.2138 email bart.woodworth@usma.edubart.woodworth@usma.edu