1. CNS Stimulants
Jenna Washuleski

2. Audience
You may be suffering from an addiction, or maybe you are an occasional user. You could be a family member or friend of an addict, or you could just be a curious individual. No matter who you are, you are welcome to view this power point on CNS Stimulants, health related symptoms, street slang terms, withdrawal symptoms, and more. Addiction is a serious issue. Become aware of what CNS Stimulants are and how they effect our bodies in this 20 minute presentation. Enjoy.

3. What are CNS Stimulants
Central Nervous System Stimulants increase alertness, euphoria, and cause the user to feel more energized
Also known as an “Upper”
Reason for Dependence and Misuse
Stimulants are classified in two categories
Schedule I
“Designer” Amphetamines
Schedule II
Amphetamine, Cocaine, Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

4. CNS Stimulates
Can be
Prescribed by a doctor
Over-the-counter (OTC)
In small doses such as in chocolate and coffee
Abuse can occur to individuals who use stimulants for legitimate reasons or for illicit reasons.
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

5. Amphetamines Video on Amphetamines (End video at 1:36)
Amphetamines are a sympathomimetic drug
Similar to neurotransmitters like dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
Amphetamines increase the production of neurotransmitters (like dopamine) and prevent it from being recycled which creates a longer high feeling
BlueBelly. "How Stimulant Drugs Work." How Stimulant Drugs Work. BlueBelly, 09 June Web. 16 Apr

6. Approved Uses of Amphetamines
In 1932, inhalers were used to treat nasal congestion
The first therapeutic use of amphetamine
Originally sold for obesity, alcoholism bed-wetting, depression, schizophrenia, morphine and codeine addiction, heart block, head injuries, seasickness, persistent hiccups, and caffeine mania.
“In 1967, some 31 million prescriptions were written for anorexiants (diet pills) alone.”
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

7. Approved Uses of Amphetamines (Continued)
In 1970, the Food And Drug Administration restricted legal use of amphetamines to three medical conditions
1. Narcolepsy
2. Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
3. Short term weight reduction programs
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

8. Types of Amphetamines
Designer drugs are a product of amphetamine and methamphetamine that have prominent psychedelic effects in addition to their CNS stimulatory action. Some designer drugs are…
Methcathinone (“Cat”)
Properties similar to methamphetamine and cocaine
Methylenedioxy-n-methylamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy)
Stimulant and Hallucinogen
Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

9. Types of Amphetamines (Continued)
Methamphetamine
Adderall
Adderall XR
Dexedrine
Detroamphetamine
Used for ADHD and narcolepsy
Levoamphetamine
A psychostimulant used to increase alertness
Dextrostat
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Concerta
Vyvanse
Procentra
Focalin
Strattera
Lisdexamfetamine
Used for ADHD
"Lists of Amphetamines." Amphetamines.com. N.p., Web. 11 Apr

10. Common Slang Terms for Amphetamines
Speed
Crystal
Meth
Bennies
Dexies
Uppers
Pep pills
Ice
Whiz
Diet pills
Jolly beans
Copilots
Hearts
Footballs
White crosses
Crank
Chalk
Glass
"Amphetamine Facts." Amphetamines. Australian Drug Foundation, 27 Jan Web. 10 Apr

11. What Do Amphetamines Look Like?
Powder
Can vary in color, most common in white to brown
Tablets And Capsules
Varies in color
Crystal
Most potent form of amphetamine
Large sheet like crystals or crystalline powder
"Amphetamine Facts." Amphetamines. Australian Drug Foundation, 27 Jan Web. 10 Apr

12. Method of Administration
Oral
Insufflation (Snorting)
Injection
Rectal
"Amphetamine." Drugs Forum RSS. SIN Foundation, Web. 11 Apr

13. Amphetamine Effects
Increases Energy
Insomnia
Euphoria
Decreases appetite
Weight loss
Increases concentration
Increases Motivation
Irritability
Dry mouth
Alertness
Anxiety and panic
Headache
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Increased body temperature and sweating
Increased breathing rate
Mood swings
Depression
Behavioral stereotypy
Meaningless repetition of single activity
Read more: 
"Amphetamine." Drugs Forum RSS. SIN Foundation, Web. 11 Apr

14. Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
“A Special Amphetamine”
Mild stimulant
Schedule II drug
Blocks the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline into their receptive neurons
Treats narcolepsy and ADHD
Intended to be used orally
Can be abused by snorting or when used as a performance enhancer
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

15. Other Stimulant Products
Caffeine
Caffeine-like drugs (Xanthines)
Stay-Awake Products
Picker-Uppers
Herbal stimulants
Contain ephedrine, ephedra, or guarana
OTC Sympathomimetics
Cold, allergic, and diet aid medications
Performance Enhancers
Drugs taken to increase physical or mental performance to achieve a more positive result (Adderall for tests in school)
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
Crack cocaine
Daughtery, R., & O'Bryan, T. (2014). Prime for life. (8.0 ed.). Lexington, Kentucky, USA: Prevention Research Institute.

16. Caffeine “30% of Americans consume 600mg or more per day.”
The worlds most frequently used and potentially the most popular drug.
Most commonly consumed are methylxanthines (also known as Xanthines)
“Almost 80% of the world’s population consumes caffeine daily.”
“30% of Americans consume 600mg or more per day.”
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

17. Xanthine Consumed in beverages and foods OTC Medication Coffee beans
Tea plants
Kola nuts
Mate leaves
Guarana paste
Yoco bark
OTC Medication
NoDoz
Excedrin
Vivarin
Herbal “natural products”
Energy Drinks
Chocolate
Cocoa
Soft Drinks (Mountain Dew, Pepsi, Coca-Cola, etc.)
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

18. Pharmacological Effects of Xanthine
CNS Effects
mg/day - Alertness, arousal, and reduces tiredness
300+ mg/day – Insomnia, increased tension, anxiety, and muscle twitches
500+ mg/day – panic sensations, chills, nausea, and clumsiness
Extreme doses/day – May result in seizures, respiratory failure, and even death
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects
500+ mg leads to increased heart activity
Can help with asthma-related respiratory problems
Caffeine Intoxication
Caffeinism: frequent high does of caffeine
Caffeine Dependence
Not likely to be an issue. Individual may experience headaches when not consuming caffeine, but it shouldn’t interfere with daily activity.
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

19. MDMA (ECSTASY) Video on what MDMA does to your brain
In late 1970s and early 1980s MDMA was used for psychotherapy
Schedule I Drug
Illegally manufactured
Causes user to feel sensory enhancement, psychedelic effects, hallucinations, and extreme euphoria
Often used at raves, clubs, and bars
Video on what MDMA does to your brain
“MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly)” NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

20. MDMA (Ecstasy) Street Slang Names
Molly E X
XTC
Adam
Hug
Beans
Clarity
Lover’s Speed
Love Drug
Taking more than one pill at once is called “Bumping”
“MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly)” NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

21. MDMA (Ecstasy) Form Pill, tablet, or capsule Varies in colors
Often have cartoon-like images on them
Takes 15 minutes to enter bloodstream and reach brain
Takes 45 minutes to feel “high”
Last for 3 to 6 hours
“MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly)” NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

22. MDMA (Ecstasy) Negative Effects
Sadness and depression
Can last for several days to a week
Memory difficulties
Can become permanent
Dehydration that leads to hyperthermia
Lead to heart and kidney problems
Could lead to death
High levels in blood stream can lead to seizures
Anxiousness Sweating and chills Dizziness Muscle tension Nausea Blurred Vision Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure Intense clenching of the teeth
“MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly)” NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

23. Methamphetamine
“More than 12 Million Americans have abused methamphetamine and 1.5 million of these uses are addicted to this potent stimulant.”
“In 2009 approximately 500,000 people were using this potent stimulant monthly.”
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

24. Methamphetamine Street Slang Names
Speed
Chalk
Tina
Ice
Crystal
Crank
Glass
Fire
Go fast
“Methamphetamine (Meth)." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

25. Methamphetamine Chemically similar to amphetamines
Increase mood and happiness
Increase energy and alertness
“Methamphetamine (Meth)." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

26. Methamphetamine Is a synthetic drug Illegally man-made in…
Made with over-the-counter, toxic ingredients
Drain cleaner, battery acid, antifreeze, and more
Illegally man-made in…
Small laboratories
“Superlabs”
Big illegal laboratories that make large quantities of meth
“Methamphetamine (Meth)." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

27. Methamphetamine Forms Method of Administration Powder Pill
Rock called crystal
Shiny, white or clear
Method of Administration
Snorted
Smoked
Oral Ingestion
Sometimes mixed with alcohol or marijuana
“Methamphetamine (Meth)." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

28. Consumption of Methamphetamine can lead to overdose and death.

29. STAY AWAY FROM METH!

30. Cocaine Schedule II Drug “Cocaine has been used as a stimulant
Derived from the leaves of the Erthroxlon coca plant
Then produced into coca paste (80% cocaine)
Paste is processed at laboratories to form powder
Before Cocaine is sold on the streets, it is often mixed with other substances like powdered sugar, arsenic, methamphetamine, etc.
Purity can be from 10% to 85%
Schedule II Drug
“Cocaine has been used as a stimulant
for thousands of years.”
"Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

31. Street Slang for Cocaine
Blow
Snow
Flake C
Coke
Toot
White lady
Nuggets
Tornado
Rock(s)
Fat Bags
Nose Candy
"Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

32. Forms of Cocaine Little Pellets also known as rocks Flakes or Powder
Must be crushed before use
Flakes or Powder
Speedball: cocaine typically mixed with heroin and smoked
"Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

33. Method of Administration
Orally
Inhaled (snorted)
Injected
Smoked
Sometimes powder cocaine is rubbed onto tissues such as gums.
Freebasing: conversion of cocaine into its alkaline form for smoking
"Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

34. Pharmacological Effects of Cocaine
Enhanced activity of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin transmitters
Blocks the reuptake and inactivation of these elements following their release from neurons
CNS Effects
Creates increased strength, energy, and performance
Increases euphoria, self-confidence, well-being, and sociability
Cardiovascular System Effects
Increases the levels of adrenaline, increases heart rate, raises blood pressure
Local Anesthetic Effects
Reduces bleeding
Topical numbing effects
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

35. Effects of Cocaine
Increased happiness and excitement Talk, move, and think quickly Alertness, wakefulness, restlessness Heart beats faster Nervousness and anxiety Mood swings Aggressiveness Paranoia Twitching and shaking of the body Increased Blood Pressure Could lead to heart attack or stroke Suppressed appetite Possible weight loss
"Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

36. Effects of Cocaine
If Individuals inject cocaine with dirty/shared needles, they are at higher risk for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis
Repeated snorting of cocaine can result in nosebleeds, constant runny nose, hoarseness, and sense of smell
Cocaine user developed a hole in their nose over a period of time.
Oral consumption may lead to bowel problems and reduce blood flow in the intestines
Overdose
Death
When the “high” wears off
“Crash” feeling
Fatigue
Sadness
Cravings to do more cocaine
Feeling of sickness, stomach pain, headaches
"Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

37. Cocaine Abstinence Phases
Phase 1: “Crash”
28-48 hours since last binge
Depression, anorexia, suicidal thoughts, fatigue, no craving, insomnia, and exhaustion
Phase 2: Withdrawal
1-10 weeks since last binge
Mood swings, sleep returns, some craving, little anxiety, intense craving, and obsessed with drug seeking
Phase 3: Extinction
Indefinite since last binge
Normal pleasure, mood swings, cues trigger craving
Hanson, Glen R., Peter, Venturelli J., and Fleckenstein, Annette E. "Chapter 10: Stimulants." Drugs and Society. 11th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Print. .

38. Paste which dries into hard rock pieces
Crack Cocaine
Cocaine
Hydrochloride
Baking soda
Water
Paste which dries into hard rock pieces
Already processed cocaine and making it pure again is crack cocaine
Could contain as much as 90% pure cocaine
Inexpensive
Typically smoked in a glass water pipe
A rush or high happens within 8 to 10 seconds
The high can last about 3 to 5 minutes
“Crash” occurs for 10 to 40 minutes
Extreme state of depression
"Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

39. Withdrawals From CNS Stimulants
Hunger
Anxiety
Irritability
Aggression
Radical mood swings
Depression
Paranoia
Extreme fatigue
Long but restless sleep
Nightmares
Severe distress and panic
"Amphetamine Facts." Amphetamines. Australian Drug Foundation, 27 Jan Web. 10 Apr

40. CSN Stimulants and Pregnancy
Research done on CNS Stimulants and pregnancy is not fully understood and is not always clear because either there aren’t enough studies, or the current studies do not have well defined or properly matched pregnancy populations. Studies can also be contaminated there are poor nutrition, living conditions, and lifestyles, and other drug use such as alcohol was present during pregnancy. These symptoms are what may happen…
Daughtery, R., & O'Bryan, T. (2014). Prime for life. (8.0 ed.). Lexington, Kentucky, USA: Prevention Research Institute.
Amphetamines – If a pregnant mother are taking prescription medicine, she should talk to her doctor about further taking medication. Caffeine - Pregnant mothers should have less than 200 mg/day. Mothers who chose to drink caffeine are at higher risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. There can be slight reduction in weight of baby at birth. MDMA (Ecstasy) - There has not been enough research in this area. Methamphetamine – Low birth weight, Cleft palates, Premature birth, Mental and physical birth defects, Increased risk of miscarriage Cocaine “Cocaine Babies” - Low birth weight, Premature birth, Small head, Increased irritability, Cognitive defects, Problems with motor skills and language development, Problems gathering info, short attention span. There is a high rate of mother’s abandoning their babies after birth. Crack Cocaine “Crack Babies” – Similar defects to Cocaine Babies
"Amphetamine Facts." Amphetamines. Australian Drug Foundation, 27 Jan Web. 10 Apr
"Caffeine during Pregnancy." BabyCenter. BabyCenter, L.L.C., Apr Web. 15 Apr
Pappas, Stephanie. "Ecstasy in Pregnancy Is Bad for Baby, Study Finds."LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 08 Mar Web. 15 Apr
Chait, Jennifer. "What Are the Effects of Crystal Meth on Pregnancy?"LoveToKnow. Love To Know Corp., 24 Mar Web. 15 Apr
"Cocaine." NIDA for Teens. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 24 Mar Web. 12 Apr

41. Treatment for Dependence on CNS Stimulants
Inpatient and outpatient programs
AODA Counseling
Psychological counseling
Motivation
Goals
Recovery Story, 15 Reasons to Overcome Addiction

42. Low Risk Choices High Risk Choices PROS CONS
In the appropriate box, write down the pros and cons based on your low risk choices towards CNS Stimulants. Then write down the pros and cons of continued high risk choices.
Low Risk Choices
High Risk Choices
PROS
Daughtery, R., & O'Bryan, T. (2014). Prime for life. (8.0 ed.). Lexington, Kentucky, USA: Prevention Research Institute
CONS
In the video from the previous slide, Jessica listed 15 reasons to stay sober. What reasons can you think of? This chart will help you decide.

43. If you or someone you know has an addiction, take action today!
Conclusion
If you or someone you know has an addiction, take action today!
Whether its extreme or simple