1. Chapter 17: Page 471
The Renaissance

2. The Growth of Italian City-States

3. Why were Italian city-states so rich and powerful?

4. Overseas trade, spurred by the Crusades, led to their growth
Northern Italy had a wealthy merchant class
It’s classical heritage of Greece and Rome

5. How did Florence become the most influential city-state?

6. Florence was mostly urban while the rest of Europe was rural
Because of the plague, many of the city’s survivors could demand higher wages
Because Florence was small, many of its citizens could be involved in politics

7. What was the Renaissance and why did it begin in Italy?

8. Renaissance means “re-birth” which refers to revival in arts and learning
Italian merchants displayed their wealth by giving financial support to artists
Lorenzo de Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent) was a generous patron of the arts

9. The Spirit of the Renaissance

10. Why People Like Me Became Interested in Ancient Culture…

11. The Crusades made Europeans eager to learn about the world around them
Church leaders became patrons of the arts by financially supporting artists

12. A Fascination with Classical Cultures

13. Scholars became interested in ancient Greek and Roman culture
Artists used ancient art as models
Brunelleschi designed buildings after studying Roman ruins

14. Filippo Brunelleschi
Commissioned to build the cathedral dome in Florence (Il Duomo)
Used unique architectural concepts.
He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome

15. Brunelleschi’s Dome

16. Dome Comparisons
Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

17. A New Type of Scholar Called a Humanist

18. Humanists adopted many Roman and Greek beliefs
1.) seeking fulfillment in daily life
2.) all people have dignity and worth
3.) the ideal person—one who can do almost anything (the Renaissance Man)

19. Humanists learned many subjects, such as Latin, Greek history, and mathematics
In the Middle Ages, religious people proved their piety by living a plain life—humanists enjoyed life without offending God

20. Machiavelli—wrote The Prince
The Prince was a book about Italian government
Machiavelli supported the idea of absolute power
In order to keep power, a ruler must do some evil

21. Petrarch
Father of Renaissance humanism
Poet
sonnets

22. A Belief in Human Potential

23. Emphasized human achievement on earth, rather than the afterlife
Renaissance thinkers strove to master almost every art
Later ages called such people “Renaissance men”

24. Renaissance Artists

25. Individuals became the center of attention during the Renaissance as the belief in human potential & ability began to emerge from Medieval ways of thinking

26. Ideal Man—was well educated in the Classics; should be charming, witty, & smart; can dance, write poetry, & play music; should be physically fit (called a “Renaissance Man”)

27. Ideal Woman—study Classics; write, dance, paint, make music well; but should not seek fame or political power (Renaissance women were far better educated but had fewer rights than Medieval women)

28. Giovanni Giotto

29. Giotto developed a new artistic style for creating frescos (paint on wet plaster walls):
Painted human figures that appeared lifelike
Painted people with emotion
Painted people in frescos interacting with each other

30. Giotto’s “ Lamentation over Christ”
The Mourning of Christ

31. Donato Donatello

32. Donatello was the greatest sculptor of the Renaissance
Medieval sculptors only carved the front of a statue, but Donatello wanted sculptures to be viewed from all sides like Greek & Roman statues

33. Donatello’s “David” became the first large, free-standing human sculpture

34. Tommaso Masaccio

35. Masaccio added to Giotto’s innovative style by using perspective:
Shows objects in the foreground as larger than objects in the background which gives the illusion of depth

37. Masaccio’s Christ and the Tribute

39. Rebirth of ancient ideas and learning
Acrostic
Task: Create an acrostic with the letters RENAISSANCE. Illustrate your acrostic. The first three letters might look like this:
Rebirth of ancient ideas and learning
Emphasis was now on earthly achievements
Nurtured by leaders of Italian city-states

40. Michelangelo

41. Michelangelo was a great painter & sculptor; his “Pieta” & “David” sculptures are perceived as masterpieces
His greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; which shows biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty

42. Michelangelo’s “Pieta” depicts the Virgin Mary cradling the limp body of the crucified Jesus

43. Michelangelo’s statue of “David” expresses the Renaissance belief in human dignity and greatness

44. His greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; which shows Biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty

45. Michelangelo painted more than 300 massive human figures onto the 5,800 square-foot ceiling while laying on his back
The ceiling contains illustrations from the creation of Adam to the story of Noah

46. The Creation of the Heavens

47. The Sistine Chapel Details
Creation of Man

48. Michelangelo returned to the chapel to begin painting the altarpiece “The Last Judgment”
This painting features Christ judging souls as the rise and fall from each side of the painting

51. Bartholomew's flayed skin

53. Raphael

54. Raphael “Perfected” Renaissance painting
He became the favorite painter of the Pope because of his amazing detailed paintings showing Greeks & Romans along with Renaissance people
“School of Athens” is his greatest work

55. All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included in this painting  all of the great personalities of the classical period
A great variety of poses
Raphael worked on this commission simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel

56. Plato and Aristotle
Socrates
Raphael

57. Alexander the Great
Michelangelo

58. Pythagoras

59. Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid

60. Betrothal of the Virgin
Perspective!
Betrothal of the Virgin
Raphael

61. Leonardo da Vinci

62. A true “Renaissance Man” Leonardo was an inventor, painter, sculptor, & scientist

63. Leonardo, the Artist

64. From his Notebooks of over 5000 pages)

65. His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion The facial expressions, detail, and emotion had made it a masterpiece

67. The Last Supper – da Vinci, & Geometry

68. The Last Supper and Perspective
vertical
horizontal

69. A Da Vinci “Code” St. John or Mary Magdalene?

70. Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie Milan, Italy

71. da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is great for its emotion and depth

74. Mona Lisa has no visible facial hair at all - including eyebrows and eyelashes

76. A Picasso Mona

78. On August 12, 1911, a Louvre employee stole it by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet and walking out with it hidden under his coat after the museum had closed
After keeping the painting in his apartment for two years, the man grew impatient and was caught when he attempted to sell it to an art dealer; it was exhibited all over Italy and returned to the Louvre in 1913

79. In 1956, the lower part of the painting was severely damaged when someone doused it with acid
On December 30 of that same year, another person damaged the painting by throwing a rock at it
The result was a speck of pigment near Mona Lisa's left elbow
The painting is now covered with bulletproof security glass

80. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology): Pages from his Notebook

82. Leonardo, the Engineer:

83. Leonardo sketched several designs for flying machines including this one with a rotating screw
He intended to power it with a wound-up spring

85. Leonardo’s many military inventions included this design for an armored tank
Four soldiers sitting inside could turn cranks to move the wheels on this tank”

87. da Vinci also invented a gigantic crossbow
It's difficult to know whether it would have worked, or whether it would have been superior to cannons of the same period

89. Vitruvian Man

90. The length of a man's outspread arms is equal to his height
The maximum width of the shoulders is a quarter of a man's height
The distance from the elbow to the tip of the hand is one-fifth of a man's height

91. The Renaissance spread from Italy as scholars from other areas visited Italian city-states & took the new ideas they saw back

92. Kings bought Renaissance art, helping to spread new ideas
Renaissance ideas spread to the Holy Roman Empire (Germany), England, France, Belgium, Netherlands

93. Renaissance in Germany was very religious—Christian humanists criticized the church & society (will lead to Protestant Reformation)

94. ERASMUS
poked fun at greedy merchants and pompous priests in his writings
Christian humanist who wrote “The Praise of Folly”

95. Renaissance in England focused on social issues—Thomas More criticized society through Utopia
William Shakespeare— playwright who wrote plays based on ideas from classics & universal human qualities
Dante Alighieri – wrote “The Divine Comedy

96. The Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and discovery
The Renaissance spirit played an important role in helping to launch the Age of Exploration