1. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL

2. Ponds  14,000 ponds east of highway 17

3. Ponds Two kinds of ponds  Ones that have weeds  Ones that will have weeds

4. AQUATIC WEEDS Algae  Photosynthesizing plant No roots, leaves, or flowers No roots, leaves, or flowers

5. AQUATIC WEEDS Algae  Microscopic algae: turns water green

6. AQUATIC WEEDS Algae  Filamentous: strands attach to rocks or float in mats

7. AQUATIC WEEDS Algae  Chara: resemble flowering plant Can be toxic to fish Can be toxic to fish

8. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants  Submersed Rooted plants that don't reach the surface Rooted plants that don't reach the surface

9. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants  Free-floating Floating plant that has dangling unattached roots Floating plant that has dangling unattached roots

10. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants  Free-floating Water Lettuce Water Lettuce

11. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants  Free-floating Water Hyacinth Water Hyacinth

12. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants  Free-floating  Water Hyacinth

13. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants  Free-floating Duckweed Duckweed

14. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants  Rooted-floating Crested Floating Heart Crested Floating Heart

15. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants  Emergent Rooted and emerging above water surface Rooted and emerging above water surface

16. AQUATIC WEED GROWTH LIGHT  Photic zone is the water with enough light to support growth  Bottom of photic zone is 1% of full sunlight  Silt water = 3"  Clear water as deep as 300'

17. AQUATIC WEED GROWTH NUTRIENTS Nitrogen and phosphorus  Phosphorus is the limiting nutrient Most important to free-floating plants Most important to free-floating plants  P pollution can cause algal blooms  Runoff is major contributor

18. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Nutrient control  Buffer vegetation on shore Unmowed strip Unmowed strip

19. Shoreline  Turf will be undercut

20. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL

21. Nutrient control  Buffer vegetation on shore Wetland plants Wetland plants

22. Shoreline  Vegetate shoreline Wetland plants Wetland plants Wetland carpetWetland carpet

23. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Nutrient control  Floating wetland Dangling roots support microbes (biofilm) Dangling roots support microbes (biofilm) Absorb nutrients Absorb nutrients

25. Shoreline Riprap shoreline  Stones control emergent weeds

26. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Rip rap  Stabilize shoreline

28. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Mechanical  Weed cutters that remove weeds  Slow 2 acres/day 2 acres/day

29. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Drawdown  Solidify floating nutrients  Kill submersed weeds

30. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Non-toxic blue dyes  Blocks light below 2'

31. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Biological  Alligatorweed Flea Beetle Release controlled alligatorweed where flea beetle can overwinter Release controlled alligatorweed where flea beetle can overwinter  Water Hyacinth Mites, weevils and fungus released Mites, weevils and fungus released Limited success Limited success

32. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Aeration  Fountains and turbines Aerobic conditions support microbes and fish Aerobic conditions support microbes and fish Reduce algae? Reduce algae?

33. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Grass carp  Triploid (sterile)  Consume massive amounts of algae and weeds  Live 10 years

34. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Tilapia  Feed on algae  Harvest to eat

35. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Barley bales  Releases natural chemical  Green water only

36. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL UV Filter  Water passes by UV bulb  Controls algae only  Algal cells clump together or die

40. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Chemicals  Some that are labeled for aquatic use  Consult label  Liquid, granule or pellet formulation Sinker adjuvant Sinker adjuvant

41. AQUATIC HERBICIDES Copper Sulfate (Cutrine)  Controls algae in drinking water supplies  Alkaline water (high carbonates) precipitate out copper Copper Chelates more stable in alkaline water Copper Chelates more stable in alkaline water

42. AQUATIC HEBRICIDES Emerged or floating weeds  Diquat (Reward) Less effective in muddy water Less effective in muddy water  2,4-D (Aquacide)  Glyphosate (Rodeo)

43. AQUATIC HEBRICIDES HERBICIDE APPLICATIONS  Start control early to avoid oxygen depletion Repeat other half after 2 weeks Repeat other half after 2 weeks

44. Fish Kill  MO decomposing plant material utilizes oxygen  Heavy weed or algae kill can deplete oxygen from water and kill fish  Control only 1/2 of area  High temperatures have less oxygen More susceptible to fish kill More susceptible to fish kill

45. AQUATIC HEBRICIDES  Volume needed for algae and free floating weeds Acre-feet = surface area (acres) X average depth  Average depth Half of maximum depth Half of maximum depthOR Average of several measurements Average of several measurements

46. Kiawah  115 ponds  343 acres  49 miles of shoreline

47. Kiawah   Bivalves (clams) filtering capacities Attaching to grid to floating wetlands, sinking them   Herbicide   Bioaugmentation   Tilapia and Grass Carp   Cost about $19/A annually

48. Aquatic Weed Database  http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/ http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/