2. King Edward the Confessor King Edward the Confessor Got his name because he built Westminster AbbeyGot his name because he built Westminster Abbey Ruled England for 23 yearsRuled England for 23 years Had no heirs when he diedHad no heirs when he died

3. Edward’s death left a 3 way fight for the throne Edward’s death left a 3 way fight for the throne Harold GodwinsonHarold Godwinson Advisor to EdwardAdvisor to Edward Brother-in-law to EdwardBrother-in-law to Edward Becomes the last Anglo-Saxon KingBecomes the last Anglo-Saxon King

4. Harald Hardrada Harald Hardrada King of NorwayKing of Norway Had an agreement with the king (Harthacut) before EdwardHad an agreement with the king (Harthacut) before Edward If either of them died, the other could have their throne.If either of them died, the other could have their throne. King Harthacut dies, but Hardrada is busy at home and doesn’t take the throneKing Harthacut dies, but Hardrada is busy at home and doesn’t take the throne Now he wants the throneNow he wants the throne

5. William, Duke of Normandy William, Duke of Normandy Distant cousin to EdwardDistant cousin to Edward Claims Edward said heClaims Edward said he would by his successor Claims Godwinson swore toClaims Godwinson swore to support him Pope excommunicated Godwinson.Pope excommunicated Godwinson.

6. The Normans The Normans Descendants of the VikingsDescendants of the Vikings Settled in Northwestern FranceSettled in Northwestern France

8. Battle of Hastings Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror invades EnglandWilliam the Conqueror invades England Marches to HastingsMarches to Hastings Battles King Harold GodwinsonBattles King Harold Godwinson Defeats HaroldDefeats Harold Most of the SaxonMost of the Saxon aristocrats die.

9. Norman Rule Norman Rule William ruled England for 21 yearsWilliam ruled England for 21 years William seized the land and turned it over to his Norman followersWilliam seized the land and turned it over to his Norman followers 1066 brought the largest change of land ownership in the history of England.1066 brought the largest change of land ownership in the history of England.

10. Feudalism Feudalism Caste SystemCaste System Property SystemProperty System Military SystemMilitary System Based on a religious concept of hierarchyBased on a religious concept of hierarchy William stands at the top of the pyramidWilliam stands at the top of the pyramid He gives land to his overlordsHe gives land to his overlords They give land to their vassalsThey give land to their vassals Vassals have landless knightsVassals have landless knights Serfs were at the bottomSerfs were at the bottom

11. Domesday Book Inventory of land, cattle, buildingsInventory of land, cattle, buildings

12. Power of Feudal System Undermined Absolute power of king erodedAbsolute power of king eroded King John is forced to sign Magna Carta in 1215King John is forced to sign Magna Carta in 1215 Document stating that the king can’t ax the barons without their consentDocument stating that the king can’t ax the barons without their consent Basis for English constitutional lawBasis for English constitutional law 3 laws that were developed from it:3 laws that were developed from it: Trial by jury, legislative taxation, habeas corpus

13. One of three types of fighting menOne of three types of fighting men

14. Knights were covered in layers of armor

15. It was very expensive to be a knight – armor and horses were very costly.

16. Foot Soldiers Foot Soldiers These soldiers fought on footThese soldiers fought on foot

17. Archers

18. Steps to become a knight Son of a knightSon of a knight Began to strengthen bodyBegan to strengthen body Learned how to fight with spear and swordLearned how to fight with spear and sword

19. Rode horsesRode horses Practiced against a quintainPracticed against a quintain Taught to read and writeTaught to read and write Taught to sing and danceTaught to sing and dance

20. At age 15/16 the boy became a squire A squire was in service to a knightA squire was in service to a knight He helped to dress the knightHe helped to dress the knight Served the knight’s mealsServed the knight’s meals Cared for the knight’s horseCared for the knight’s horse Cleaned the knight’s armorCleaned the knight’s armor Assisted in tournamentsAssisted in tournaments Learned how to handle a sword while wearing 40 pound of armor.Learned how to handle a sword while wearing 40 pound of armor.

21. Chivalry  Chivalry- the sum of the ideal qualifications of a knight  the rules and customs of medieval knighthood  Codes of Chivalry: 1.Promised to defend weak 2.Serve God 3.Shouldn’t Boast 4.Be courteous to women 5.Be humble 6.Give mercy to vanquished enemy 7.Always act with honor