1. Nouns and Pronouns Case, Number, Gender

2. KEY CONCEPTS about NOUNS and PRONOUNS: There are 3 cases of nouns and pronouns: 1.Subject 2.Object 3.Possessive The number for nouns and pronouns: 1.Singular 2.Plural The gender of pronouns 1.Masculine 2.Feminine 3.Neuter

3. Nouns Case and Number

4. NUMBER: Singular and Plural Nouns and Pronouns  A singular noun names one person, place, thing or idea.  Examples:  My pencil is broken.  May I borrow a piece of paper?  A plural noun names more than one person, place, thing or idea.  Examples:  My pencils are broken.  My papers are scattered around the floor.

5. Cases of Nouns Defines the role of the noun in the sentence as the subject or object or to show possession. Noun Examples: The musician is especially tall. subject The manager chose the musician. object The musician’s skill is famous possessive

6. Possessive Nouns  A possessive noun shows ownership.  It uses an apostrophe (‘) or an apostrophe plus an –s on the end.  Examples:  The boys’ basketball team is walking down the hall.  I borrowed my sister’s shirt.

7. BRAINPOP: According to Moby and Tim, how are plurals and possessives formed? GuidelinesExample 1Example 2Example 3 How to form plurals? boy/boys How to form singular possessives? How to form plural possessives?

8. Guidelines Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 How to form plurals? 1.) add an “S” or “ES” 2.) change its form 3.) use the singular form boy/boyschild/childrensheep/shee p How to form singular possessives? 1.) add an apostrophe and an “S” 2.) if it ends in “S”, you have the option to use only an apostrophe boy/boy’schild/child’s rattle bus’ or bus’s tire How to form plural possessives? 1.) if it ends in an “S”, add an apostrophe 2. If the form changes, add an apostrophe only. 3.) if the plural is the same as the singular, the plural possessive is the same as the singular possessive boys/boy s” children/ children’s teacher sheep’s/ sheep’s lambs

9. Why the Exceptions to Forming Plurals Example 1Example 2Example 3 Old English Nouns whose plurals are the same as the singular. Old English Nouns whose plurals are a different form than the singular. Middle to Early Modern English Nouns whose plurals end in a consonant and a “Y”. Borrowings from Spanish and Italian Plurals of singular nouns ending in “O”. Borrowings from Latin Plurals of singular nouns ending in “US” or “UM”

10. Form the plurals of these nouns: EX.: plural/plurals  louse/  mother-in-law/  tax/  cactus/  elf/  chief/  moose/  potato/  4/

11. Form the singular possessives of these nouns: EX.: the case of a noun/noun’s case the house of a mouse/ the son of commander-in-chief/ the pillows of the couch/ the gift of the alumnus/ the blade of the knife/ the partner of the thief/ the river of the salmon/ the vine of the tomato/

12. Form the plural and plural possessives of these nouns: EX.: the case of one noun/several nouns’ cases 1.the yard of my house/ 2.the duty of the sergeant-in arms/ 3.the assistant of the coach/ 4.the result of the datum/ 5.the costume of the elf/ 6.the horse of the chief/ 7.the lamb of the sheep/

13. Pronouns Case and Number

14. Cases of Pronouns: Defines the role of the pronoun in the sentence as the subject or object or to show possession. Pronoun Examples: He is especially tall. subject The manager chose him. object His skill is refined. possessive

15. Personal Pronoun Chart NUMBER CASE SUBJECTOBJECTPOSSESSIVE Singular First person Second person Third person Plural First person Second person Third Person

16. Personal Pronoun Chart NUMBER CASE subjectobjectpossessive Singular First person Imemy mine Second person you your yours Third person he, she, ithim, her, ithis, her, hers, its Plural First person weusour ours Second person you your yours Third person theythemtheir theirs

17. Subject Pronouns A subject pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as the subject of the sentence. The subject pronouns are "I," "you," "she," "he," "it," "we," "you," and "they." 1.I was glad to find the bus pass in the bottom of the green knapsack. 2.You are surely the strangest magician I have ever met. 3. We will meet at the library.

18. Object Pronouns An object pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as the direct object of the sentence. Direct object = who or what is receiving the action of the verb. The object pronouns are “me," "you," “her," "him," "it," “them,” and “us”. 1.The loud noise distracted them. 2.My book gave me a fright. 3.She will help him and me with the question.

19. Possessive Pronouns A possessive pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as a marker of possession and defines who owns a particular object or person. Some possessive pronouns are "mine," "yours," "hers," "his," and "its”. 1.The lunch is yours. 2.His is on the kitchen counter. 3.Theirs will be delivered tomorrow. 4.Ours is the smelly one in the corner.

20. Practice: 1.Write a sentence where the plural form of “man” is used as a direct object. Underline it. 2.Write a sentence where the plural possessive form of “thief” is used. Underline it. 3.Write a sentence where the singular possessive of “ranch” is used. Underline it. 4.Write a sentence where the 3 rd person plural possessive pronoun is used. Underline it.

21. Answers 1.SUBJECT + ACTION VERB + the men  The police arrested the men. 2.thief/thieves…thief’s/thieves’  The thieves’ hideout was in a church. 3.ranch/ranch’s…ranch’s/ranches’  The ranch’s owner bought a horse. 4.They/them/their [subject/object/possessive]  Their answers were incorrect.

22. More answers: 1.We asked the men for some help. 2.The thieves’ alibis did not stand up to questioning. 3.The ranch’s owner hired a new foreman. 4.They did not show an understanding of possessives on their test.

23. Review Nouns and Pronouns Case & Number

24. 1.Write a sentence where the plural form of “mother-in-law” is used as a direct object. Underline it. 2.Write a sentence where a 2 nd person plural possessive pronoun is used. Underline it. 3.Write a sentence where the plural form of “alumnus” is used as the subject of a sentence. Underline it. 4.Write a sentence where the singular possessive of “lady” is used. Underline it. 5.Write a sentence where the plural possessive form of “coach” is used. Underline it. 6.Write a sentence where a 1 st person plural pronoun is used as a direct object. Underline it. 7.Write a sentence where the singular possessive form of “alumnus” is used. Underline it. 8.Write a sentence where the plural possessive form of “bus” is used. Underline it.