2. The Umayyad Caliph  The Umayyads, led by Abu Sufyan, were merchants of the Quraysh tribe that tried to enter Mecca.  After adopting the religion of Islam, and winning a civil war, Abu Sufyan’s son, Mu’awiyah, established himself as the first Umayyad caliph. (661-750) - United the Bedouin tribes to Islamic faith -Conquered surrounding nations including Byzantium and Persia. Military aristocracy administered the conquered and controlled wealth.

3. The Abbasid Caliph Abu al-Abbas utilized Persian dissent and political conflicts to rebel against the Umayyads. Conquered people were allowed into gov. posts. Military aristocracy weakened Became cosmopolitan (administrative). Developed infrastructure (661-750)

4. The Indian Ocean Trade  The Indian Ocean was the largest trading network up until the 17 th century.  It connected East Asia to West Asia.  Trade was made easy with the help of monsoon winds.  Contributed greatly to global economy.  Extended from east Asia through into to East Africa.

6. Why is the Indian Ocean historically significant?  The Indian Ocean trade was significant because of its location.  Because of its location it was able to achieve cross cultural trade.  As a result of the Indian Ocean trade basin production of cotton clothes increased as well as specialized production of sugar, leather, stone and carpet.  Due to the often rough ocean conditions caused by monsoon winds, dhows and junks were used to trade and travel.  It was the largest trade network until the 17 th century.

7. Interactions Between the Two  Exports: spices from southeast Asia, incense and horses from Arabia, and pepper and cotton textiles from India-  Imports: gold, ivory, and slaves from Africa, and silk and porcelain from China  Trade of horses, salt, and cotton brought Islam to East Africa  Invention and of spread of the use of dhows allowed Muslims to travel the Indian Ocean quickly and efficiently

8. Why did these interactions occur?  These interactions because of the expansions and conquests of the Abbasid and Umayyad dynasties.  During the Umayyad dynasties the conquests of North Africa, the first and second siege of Constantinople, the conquest of Hispania and the conquest of Georgia, the Islamic/ Arabic world was expanded greatly.  By the end of the Abbasid dynasty, the Islamic Empire stretched from the Indian sub-continent to the Pyrenees.

9. Why are these interactions historically significant?  The interactions between the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties and the Indian Ocean trade was a major contributor to the spread of Islam. Even today, Islam is still a large religion with millions of worshippers.

10. Quiz Time  Name one way that the Indian ocean was historically significant.  What were methods of transportation used to cross Indian Ocean?  Name the two Islamic caliphs that were mentioned in this power point presentation.  Name one way how the interactions between the Islamic world and the Indian ocean occurred.