1. Mexico’s Fight for Independence
New Spain(Modern Day Mexico and Central America) was one of Spain's most profitable Colonies

2. Issues in New Spain early 1800’s
Creoles want full equality of the peninsulares
Merchants wanted open trade with other nations
Could only trade with spain
Meztizo working class- Mines & farming wanted better wages
Angry- at elite land owners controlling food prices
Elite would hold onto suplies of food until hit max price
The Indigenous and Mullatos want end to Tribute
Tax paid to large land owners and the gov
Small slave population wants freedom

3. Situation in Spain 1808-1810 Napoleon takes control of Spain
Creole elites take this opportunity to fight for independence
They fear Napoleons liberal government will take their rights
They “claimed” to fight for King Ferdinand VII

4. Initial uprising
Centered in Queretaro Group of middle and upper-class creoles planned a revolt
needed support of masses so sympathized with demands of the Indigenous and mestizo.
Father Miguel Hidalgo(creole) had influence to recruit the masses
Spanish Authorities began to arrest rebel conspiritors

5. Father Miguel Hidalgos Revolt
Grito de Dolores- Sept 16th 1810 Hidalgo gathered his parishioners declared New Spain free from the Spanish Crown
The mod went on to take control of the city
By Sept 28 took key city of Guanajuato
Killed many Spaniards
Attacked may business
( most owned by Creoles)
Opened to Grain
storage for the poor

6. Fear in Hidalgo’s Revolution
Hidalgo’s army fought for the right of the poor
Creole elites wanted freedom not a class and race revolution
Hidalgo’s goals
Independence from Spain
End of Slavery
End of tribute
More equality for all social classes
No forced labor
Better wages
These changes would take power from Creole elites

7. Hidalgo’s Peasant Army
His soldiers began to take vengeance on both Spaniards and Creole elites
His forces were unable to take Mexico City and were driven north
By Summer of 1811 Hidalgo and his leaders were captured and executed

9. Jose Maria Morelos
Morelos was a Priest who continued the fight of Hidalgo
mestizo
His forces centered south of Mexico City
His goals were the same as Hidalgos
-Independence from Spain, End of Slavery, End of tribute, equality for all social classes, No forced labor, Better wages
He worked to gain more support of some Creole Elites( some views were too radical
His forces were centered in the state of Oaxaca
His use of Guerrilla tactics were very effective

10. National Congress of Chilpancingo1813
Created a Congress inviting many creole revolutionaries
Set himself as chief executive
Created a Judicial and Legislative Branch
Enacted many of the social changes he planned
Congress only had control of southern territories he controlled
Congress did not have a stable home

11. The Down Fall of Morelos
Lost battles to royalist forces using traditional war methods
Some of his changes too radical to gain full Creole support
-Many fought against him
King Ferdinand VII regains power in Spain
-More Spanish troops are sent to stop Rebellion in New Spain
In 1815 Morelos is captured, put on trial, and executed 12/22

12. 1815-1820 Guerrilla fighting continued
fighting against Royalists continued with no central Organization
Vicente Guerrero Continued a Guerrilla campaign against Royalist forces in Oaxaca(Southern Mexico)
Mix Creole, Indigenous, Black
The Cost of fighting, high taxes, and mistreatment of Creoles by Spain began to anger the elites

13. Creole Elites Take Control of the Revolution
1820 Spanish King Ferdinand VII was deposed(temporily)
New Spanish Gov enacted liberal Constitution
This would take some rights from the Creole elite
Augustine Iturbide-Royalist Creole
Feared losing power and used this as an excuse to rebel
Switched sidesto join
Revolutionary
(Ironic- joined rebels to
keep creole elite control)

14. Opposites Combine Iturbide asked Guerrero to join in support
Guerrero(Liberal)
Iturbide(Conservative)
Independence from Spain
Catholic Church
Representative Republic
Liberal social reforms of Hidalgo
Independence from Spain
Catholic Church
Monarchy
Equality of peninsulares and creoles

15. Mexico is Free
Aug 24, 1821 Treaty of Cordoba Signed- The Mexican Empire was declared independent
The combined forces enter Mexico City Minimal resistance
Iturbide is crowned Emperor
Short lived He steps down from power
A Republican government is formed
Name Mexico comes from the name of the Aztecs MEXICA.