1. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Head Start Arizona Head Start TTA Office Infant Toddler Summer Webinar Series: Brain Development (developed from Brain Wonders, a Zero-to-Three presentation) Mary Kramer Reinwasser, M.Ed. Arizona State-Based TTA Manager

2. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Agenda Early brain development Typical patterns of development during the prenatal and neonatal periods Prenatal and neonatal risk and protective factors Prematurity and complications of prematurity 2

3. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Learning Outcomes Participants will understand the developing brain and its functions. Participants will be become more aware of brain research Participants will be able to create strategies that translate current brain research into developmentally appropriate activities. 3

4. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Imagine a brain… 4

5. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Prenatal Development The nervous system begins to develop just before the third week of gestation. Cell creation and movement to the right spots occur during the first five prenatal months. 5

6. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Major Brain Systems Brain Stem Limbic System Cerebellum Cortex 6

7. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Brain Stem (“survival”)

8. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Limbic System (“emotion”)

9. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Cerebellum (“movement”)

10. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Cortex

11. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Occipital Lobe

12. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Temporal Lobe Hearing Language Memory Emotion

13. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Parietal Lobe

14. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Frontal Lobe Judgment Emotional regulation Problem solving Decisions Planning Creativity

15. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Growing a Brain… Growing a Brain: Early Experiences and Infant Mental Health

16. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Nature vs. Nurture

17. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Biology and Environment Biology Recognize speech Discern sounds Word meaning Environment Particular language Vocabulary size Dialect

18. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Brain Growth: Key Terminology Neuron Pruning Plasticity Windows of Opportunity

19. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Neurons

20. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Pruning Newborn Early Childhood Later Childhood

21. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Plasticity “The brain's ability to change as a result of experience.”

22. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Windows of Opportunity Body SystemEspecially SensitiveDevelopment up to … CNS/Brain4 th to 8 th weeks Postnatal, through to adulthood Heart5 th to 9 th weeks12 th week Upper limbs6 th to 10 th weeks12 th week Eyes6 th to 10 weeksTerm Lower limbs6 th to 10 th weeks12 th week Teeth9 th to 11 th weeksTerm Palate9 th to 11 th weeks16 th week External Genitalia9 th to 11 th weeksTerm Ears6 th to 11 th weeks13 th week

23. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network The 6 T’s of Responsive Care Tuning In Teaching Time Talk Touch Trust

24. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Take Home Messages nature versus nurture simplisticscientifically obsolete  The traditional nature versus nurture debate is simplistic and scientifically obsolete  Early experiencesbrain developmentfocus on birth to three begins too late and ends too soon  Early experiences clearly influence brain development, but the focus on birth to three begins too late and ends too soon  Early intervention programs can improve the odds rarely simple, inexpensive, or easy to implement  Early intervention programs can improve the odds for vulnerable young children, but those that work are rarely simple, inexpensive, or easy to implement

25. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Take Home Messages feel thinkschool readiness  How young children feel is as important as how they think, particularly with regard to school readiness nurturing and dependable relationships  Healthy early development depends on nurturing and dependable relationships  Culture child-rearing beliefs and practices  Culture influences all aspects of early development through child-rearing beliefs and practices

26. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network Take Home Messages  Substantial evidence harm the developing brain  Substantial evidence indicates that poor nutrition, specific infections, environmental neurotoxins, drug exposures, and chronic stress can harm the developing brain parent mental health problems, substance abusefamily violence heavy developmental burdens  Significant parent mental health problems, substance abuse, and family violence impose heavy developmental burdens on young children little scientific evidencespecial “ stimulation ” activities beyond normal, growth- promoting experiences “ advanced ” brain development  There is little scientific evidence that special “ stimulation ” activities beyond normal, growth- promoting experiences lead to “ advanced ” brain development in infancy

27. Head Start State-based T/TA Office for Arizona A member of the National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network The Arizona Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Office and STG International thank you for joining our webinar today! Please continue to join the 2010 Summer Webinar Series occurring every Tuesday and Thursday during the months of June and July at 3:00 Pacific Daylight Time. Please contact Mary Kramer Reinwasser at mary.reinwasser@stginternational.com for more information. mary.reinwasser@stginternational.com 27