1. Antibiotics in Milk What are the food safety hazards? What are the food quality hazards? Are there other hazards?

2. Antibiotics in Milk Food Safety Hazards Sensitivity and allergic reactions Bacterial resistance to antibitiotics Food Quality Hazards Inhibit bacterial activity in cheese/yoghurt Other Hazards Image/reputation Financial consequences

3. Types of antibiotics Dry cow antibioticsDry cow antibiotics –Used at drying off –Oil-based/high antibiotic concentration –Last for approximately 56 days Milking cow antibioticsMilking cow antibiotics –Used during lactation –Water based/low antibiotic concentration –Last for approximately 3 days

4. Risk of antibiotic contamination of milk High Low Fresh calversDrying off

5. Class Exercise How do antibiotics end up in milk bulk tanks?

6. How problem occurs Fresh calvers – dry cow therapy Freshly dried off cows – accident Other antibiotics – foot treatment etc Weekend milking – change in milkers Hired labour Dump bucket/dump line Poor cow identification

7. Antibiotics in milk - reasons why it happens Poor identification40% Improper withholding times23% Poor separation of cows19%

8. Class Exercise What steps can farmers take to prevent residues occurring in milk?

9. Preventing antibiotics in milk Follow product instructions Read the label Is it the right medicine How is it to be given – eg intramuscuar What is the correct dose How often should the treatment be given What is the withdrawal period

10. Clear cow identification Must be clear identification system for treated cows Spray paint – udder /legs Tape on leg/tail Ankle straps

11. Isolation/ Separation If practical isolate or separate treated cows Run dry cows as a separate group Milk treated cow last

12. Class Exercise What records are needed for treated cows?

13. Records Whiteboard/blackboard Explanation of identification system Cow number and quarter treated Date & time of treatment Legal Requirement to complete Animal Remedies Register

14. Awareness Make sure all milkers are aware of what cows are treated by: Telling Writing details on a whiteboard Writing a note Do not assume that other milkers know or understand how the system works

15. Dump Buckets Care with dump buckets/ dump lines Ensure bucket is big enough Make sure that dumplines are diverted from bulk tank.

16. Dry Cows Check withdrawal period of antibiotic Make sure interval between calving drying off is longer than withdrawal period – or be sure milk is withheld after calving Clear long lasting identification mark Separate dry cows from milking cows

17. Fresh calvers Check treatment details of all freshly calved cows If a cow calves inside the withdrawal date check the date that milk can enter the bulk tank. Make sure that all milkers are aware of milk re-entry date

18. Withholding Times for Dry Cow Tubes Product NameMinimum Dry Period Withholding time after calving Bovaclox DC xtra Bovoclox DC Cepravin Dry Cow Chanamast DC 4C Dry Cow Kloxerate Plus DC Kloxerate DC extra Leo Red Dry Cow Nafpenzal Dry Cow Neobiotic Dry Cow Noroclo x Dry Cow Orbenin Dry Cow Tetradelta DC Osmonds Teat Seal 49 days + 45 days + 51days + 28 days + 45 days + 49 days + 28 days + 30 days + 28 days + 96 hours 84 hours 96 hours 84 hours 108 hours 96 hours 60 hours 96 hours 84 hours 96 hours Warning: These witholding times may have changed. Please check actual withdrawal date stated on product label for above products.

19. Withholding Times for Lactating Cow Tubes Product NameWithdrawal Period for Milk Cepramycin MC Chanamast LC Erythrocin Intra Interkan KloxeratePlusMC Lactaclox Leo Yellow MC Mutiject Nafpenzal MC Noroclox QR Orbenin PendicloxLC Synlox LC Terramycin Intra Tetra Delta MC Vetimast 96 hours 72 hours 36 hours 96 hours 72 hours 84 hours 72 hours 84 hours 60 hours 84 hours 60 hours 56 hours 72 hours 96 hours Warning: These witholding times may have changed. Please check actual withdrawal date stated on product label for above products.

20. Antibiotics in milk - reducing the incidence Reduce mastitis incidence Separate dry cows from milking cows Improve identification of treated cows

21. Other Residue Hazards Other medicines – e.g. fluke doses Feed contamination – e.g. pesticides Moulds & Mycotoxins – mouldy silage Detergents, cleaning agents – Taint: certain feeds, farm disinfectants

22. A Hazard Anaylsis Approach Hazard: Residues in Milk (Chemical hazard) Source: Antibiotic Critical Control: do not let antibiotic milk into milk tank Procedures/controls: withdrawal dates cow identification dump buckets/line Records: Whiteboard, medicine records