2.  According to Luke Mastin, a utopia is defined as an “ideal or perfect place or state, or any visionary system of political or social perfection.”  The word was created by Sir Thomas More in 1516.  The connotation of utopia today, however, is an “impractical or idealistic scheme for social and political reform.” (Mastin)  Mastin, Luke. “What is a Utopia?” Utopian Literature. 2 March 2009.

3.  New Harmony, Indiana in the 1840’s New Harmony, Indiana  Oneida Community, Oneida, New York 1848  The Shakers built communities in eight states in the 1840’sShakers  Amana Colony, Amana, Iowa in the 1850’s Amana Colony, Amana, Iowa  Bishop Hill, Illinois in 1846 Bishop Hill, Illinois

4.  According to Luke Mastin, utopian literature describes “a nation or commonwealth ordered according to a system which the author proposes as a better way of life than any known to exist, a system that could be instituted if the present one could be cancelled and people could start over.”  Mastin, Luke. “What is a Utopia?” Utopian Literature. 2 March 2009.

5.  According to the Science Encyclopedia, utopian literature is most common in the English- speaking world (“Utopia”).  In a utopia, “everyone has adequate food, shelter, and clothing gained without debilitating labor and in which people lead secure lives without fear” (“Utopia”).  “Utopia—Expressions of Utopianism.” Science Encyclopedia. 3 March 2009 <http://science.jrank.org/pages/11551/Utopia-Expressions-U topianism.html">Utopia - Expressions Of Utopianism

6.  In the late 19 th and 20 th centuries, literature that was anti-utopian and satirical was created in response to the harsh conditions of industrialization brought about by capitalism  Dystopian literature emphasizes the controlling nature of a utopia:  individuals are discouraged from interfering with the government’s goals  the government replaces family and religion Mastin, Luke. “What is a Utopia?” Utopian Literature. 2 March 2009.

7.  According to Science Encyclopedia, dystopian literature is the more commonly published form of utopian literature since World War I.  WHY?  “Utopia—Expressions of Utopianism.” Science Encyclopedia. 3 March 2009 <http://science.jrank.org/pages/11551/Utopia-Expressions-U topianism.html">Utopia - Expressions Of Utopianism

8.  “The message of the dystopia is that if the human race continues in the direction it is now heading, this [storyline] is what will happen. The dystopia, [however], has a positive element in that it suggests the possibility of change.  “Utopia—Expressions of Utopianism.” Science Encyclopedia. 3 March 2009 <http://science.jrank.org/pages/11551/Utopia-Expressions-U topianism.html">Utopia - Expressions Of Utopianism

9.  Alphabetical list Alphabetical list  Dystopian movies Dystopian movies  10 th grade thematic list 10 th grade thematic list

10.  Utopian  Dystopian