1. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
( )

3. BACKGROUND Born in 1769 in Corsica
Went to military school in north France; 1785: at age of 16 became a lieutenant in the artillery
Joined the army of the Legislative Assembly during the revolution

4. EARLY CAREER
Defended France against an attack by royalist rebels in hailed as savior of the French republic
1796- appointed by Directory to lead French army vs. Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia- won many victories in Italy and Austria
Led an expedition to Egypt to protect French trade interests- not successful-Napoleon defeated by the British- Napoleon kept reports out of the press

5. 1799: COUP D’ETAT Nov. 9- Napoleon put in charge of the military
Nov. 10- Napoleon’s troops drove out one chamber of the national legislature; legislature voted to dissolve the Directory
Napoleon became first consul as a result of a plebiscite (vote of the people)
1804- Napoleon crowns himself emperor

6. Napoleon as emperor- what does he look like?

7. ANSWER:
A King!!!

8. Napoleon crowns himself emperor

9. Who traditionally crowned the emperor
Who traditionally crowned the emperor? What was Napoleon trying to show here?

10. This (again) proves that “absolute power corrupts absolutely!!!”

11. Napoleon’s Domestic Policy (after he centralized power in his own hands) brings order to France

12. ACTIONS/REFORMS: The Economy
Set up a fairer tax code
Set up a national bank
Stabilized currency
Gave state loans to businesses

13. ACTIONS/REFORMS: Government and Society
Appointed officials by merit
Fired corrupt officials
Created lycees (public schools)
Created a uniform code of laws: Napoleonic Code

14. ACTIONS/REFORMS: Religion
Recognized Catholicism as “faith of Frenchmen”
Signed concordat with Pope
Retained seized church lands

15. HOMEWORK Which goals of the revolution did Napoleon achieve?
If you had been a member of the bourgeoisie in Napoleon’s France, would you have been satisfied with the results of Napoleon’s actions? Why or why not?
Based on Napoleon’s reforms at home, was Napoleon a better or worse leader at this point than Louis XVI? Explain.

16. THOUGHT QUESTION:
Based on Napoleon’s Reforms at home, is Napoleon a better or worse leader at this point than Louis XVI? Explain.

17. HOMEWORK
Create a cover page for Napoleon on page 9 in your notebook that includes:
A picture of Napoleon (drawn or printed out)
A quote that best applies to Napoleon with explanation
Ten words/adjectives “splashed” on the page to describe who Napoleon was
At least 3 colors

18. NAPOLEON: A hero to some, an evil force to others

19. NAPOLEON QUOTE:
“Frenchmen, without a doubt, you will see in what I did that I am a soldier who supports liberty and am a citizen who is devoted to the Republic”

20. NAPOLEON QUOTE:
“I am destined to change the FACE of the world”

21. Read “How Did France Change Under Napoleon”
How was Napoleon’s rule different from Louis XVI’s? How was it similar? Show these differences and similarities in a Venn Diagram.

22. Napoleon Activities

23. 2. In what ways did Napoleon reform the education system in France?
He set up public schools where any MALE could attend regardless of social standing
Set up public schools-primary, secondary, lycees (military schools), and technical schools
Science and math were important subjects in secondary schools

24. 3. Which aspects of Napoleon’s education system did not change?
Primary schools remained the same as before
Poor women were still not encouraged to go to school

25. 4. In what ways were the governments of King Louis XVI (pre-Revolution) and Napoleon different?
There was no National Assembly under Louis but there were 2 National Assemblies under Napoleon
Louis XVI had total power, but under Napoleon, all MEN could vote

26. 5. In what ways were they similar?
Both took total power
After 1804 (when Napoleon crowned himself emperor), there were no elections as there were no elections under Louis

27. 6. Read the Napoleonic Code
6. Read the Napoleonic Code. List the points of the code which you think are fair/unfair.

28. FAIR
All people were declared equal before the law. There were no longer any special privileges for nobles, churchmen, or rich people
Feudal rights were ended
Trial by Jury was guaranteed
Religious Freedom was guaranteed
Parents were given powers over their children

29. REASONS
All of these rights guarantee freedoms for all regardless of social standing
Parents should have more rights than their children as long as their reasonable

30. UNFAIR Wives were not allowed to sell or give away property
A wife could only own property with her husband’s consent in writing
Fathers were allowed to imprison their children for any time up to a month

31. REASONS Women do not have equal rights- only based on gender
Parents should not be able to imprison their children

32. 7. How did Napoleon try to restrict individual rights and freedoms?
He had a secret police force which from 1810 could arrest people without trial
He tried to censor and control the newspapers
Free speech was not allowed in France or the French Empire

33. 8. Why do you think Napoleon felt it was so important to control the press?
“If the press is not controlled, I shall not remain three days in power” -Napoleon
Free press would cause debate of ideas, which is what led to the overthrow of Louis XVI

34. 9. How did Napoleon try to control religion in France?
He said that Bishops are to be chosen only by himself (Napoleon)
Napoleon crowned HIMSELF emperor of France- to show the French that he was in charge

35. 10. What was the appeal of Napoleon to the peasants, nobility?

36. PEASANTS Allowed peasants to keep land
Restored Catholic Church to former importance
No longer had to pay tithes

37. Nobility Nobles offered ‘king-like’ stability Created titles for some
Set up the “Legion of Honour”

38. Read some of the things said by Napoleon (on all of the sheets)
Read some of the things said by Napoleon (on all of the sheets). What do these extracts tell us about Napoleon’s attitude towards: a. His role as Emperor? b. Women? c. The Media? d. The lower classes?

39. His role as Emperor After 1804, there were no elections
After 1810 he imprisoned people without trial
He took power over the church

40. Women Women are only good for getting married and having children
Women should not participate in government or get a public education
Women are subordinate to their husbands
Women are not equal to men

41. The Media The Media should be controlled
The media should put himself (Napoleon) into a positive light

42. The lower classes
“The ignorant class will no longer exercise their influence on making laws or on government”
BUT: Napoleon did try to appease the peasants- see question 10 a.

43. 12. How did Napoleon improve France’s cities and towns?
He ordered the building of new roads, canals, and bridges
Invested in improving older buildings, especially in Paris
Planned a better network of roads for Paris

44. Louis XVI Napoleon

45. DIFFERENCES

46. SIMILARITIES Both could not be voted out of power
Both controlled the newspapers and freedom of speech
After 1810, Napoleon used a secret police force which imprisoned people without a fair trial
Both were (or became) corrupt
Both offered “king-like” stability

47. Napoleon’s Grand Empire
1804: Napoleon creates an empire.

48. Napoleon was happy to be emperor of France, BUT…
HE WAS BORED!!!
(He had dreams of building a huge empire)

49. ACTION
Napoleon sent 23,000 soldiers to Saint Domingue to get colony back after a slave uprising by Toussaint L’Ouverture (1803)

52. To maintain an overseas empire
GOAL
To maintain an overseas empire

53. RESULT (S) Slaves in Saint Domingue were difficult to defeat
Thousands of French soldiers died of yellow fever
Napoleon gave up hope of overseas empire- focused his attention on conquering Europe

54. ACTION
Napoleon sold Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for $15 million

56. GOAL To conquer Europe- use monies from Louisiana Purchase to do so
Help build up the U.S. to at some point humble Great Britain

57. RESULT(S)
Sold Louisiana for $15 mil; ,lost opportunity to have an overseas empire

58. ACTION
Fought against Third Coalition (Great Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Sweden)

59. GOAL
To conquer Europe

60. RESULT(S) Beat the Third Coalition
Countries in the Third Coalition were now under Napoleon’s control
Napoleon is on his way to conquer Europe!

62. ACTION
Battle of Trafalgar- naval defeat against Britain off the coast of Spain

66. To defeat/conquer Great Britain
GOAL
To defeat/conquer Great Britain

67. Proved supremacy of the British navy
RESULT(S)
Proved supremacy of the British navy
Forced Napoleon to give up hopes of invading Britain

68. NAPOLEON’S 3 MISTAKES

69. NAPOLEON’S 3 MISTAKES
MISTAKE
EFFECT ON EMPIRE 1. 2. 3.

70. MISTAKE #1 The Continental System (1806-1810)
Napoleon’s policy to forbid the continent of Europe to trade or communicate with Great Britain
Purpose: to weaken Britain’s economy, make continental Europe self-sufficient

73. EFFECT ON EMPIRE
Weakened France economically (deprived of cotton and “addictive substances” from Britain i.e. coffee, sugar, tobacco, cocoa)
Britain was hurt too but were able to smuggle goods into Europe through the Baltic and Adriatic Seas

74. MISTAKE #2 Peninsular War-
Napoleon invaded Portugal (for not obeying the Continental System) through Spain
Spanish rebel- fear that Napoleon will weaken the Catholic Church
Napoleon makes his brother Joseph the King of Spain

76. EFFECT ON EMPIRE Napoleon lost 300,000 troops
Napoleon lost military support
European countries (GB, Prussia, Spain (rebels), and Russia) unite against France
Turns the tide against Napoleon

77. MISTAKE #3 Invasion of Russia-
Napoleon fears that Alexander I will take Poland
Russia sold grain to Great Britain

79. EFFECT ON EMPIRE
Russia used a scorched earth policy- burned Moscow, fields, killed livestock,
Napoleon went in with 600,000 troops, left with 10,000- a defeated man

80. Create a 6 event timeline of Napoleon’s downfall
Use pages in text

81. NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL
1814- Napoleon is defeated by Prussia and Russia, forced to abdicate (give up) throne
1814- Napoleon is exiled to Elba; Louis XVIII becomes King
1815-Napoleon escapes from Elba, returns to France

82. NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL (CONT.)
1815-Napoleon regains the throne in France for a “Hundred Days”
1815- Napoleon is defeated once again by European powers at Waterloo
1816- Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena
1821- Napoleon dies