1. Critical Success Factors for Technological Innovation in Construction Projects Hui Liu e-construction group tumeier1987@hotmail.com University of Maryland, College Park Central South University

2. 1.Background Outline 2. Identification of CSFs for Technological Innovation 3.Integrated Structuring Modeling 4.Obtaining interrelationship between CSFs 5. Hierarchical structuring of CSFs 6. Degree of Relationship between CSFs 7.Conclusion and future research

3. Fragmentation; temporarily project team; adversarial relations; low trust and opportunism; etc. Background low productivity; low efficiency. Lack of cooperation. low innovation performance. Construction Projects

4. Background Construction Project Business Project Innovation Project

5. Background Researches about innovation projects Individual firms Interfirm cooperation relationships and networks Technological innovation networks

6. Identification of CSFs Project nameTimeBudgetTarget Shuohuang Railway11/1997-09/2004$2.5 billion To construct the second large corridor of western coal eastward transportation in China combining with Shenshuo Railway. The short-time goal of the annual transportation capacity is 68.85 million ton, whilst the long-term goal is 100 million ton per year. Mainly achievements 14 months ahead of schedule cost saved by $0.44 billion. 53 items of new technologies, new processes, new materials and new machines were adopted during the construction of the project. 2 patents for utility models 3 software copyrights have been authorized 7 patents for invention 9 patents for utility models have been accepted.

7. Identification of CSFs

8. Integrated Structuring Modeling This research used a five-stage ISM method as follows: (1) define the problem to be solved; (2) select the elements consist of the problem as well as describe the logic relationship between the elements and the problem; (3) establish adjacency matrix and reachability matrix of all the factors; (4) hierarchically structure all the elements and construct the structural model; (5) analyze all the elements according to the structural model.

9. Obtaining interrelationship between CSFs Forming Adjacency Matrix(A) of CSFs Contextual relationship-“leads to” A is used to describe the logical relationship between factors in the system, namely showing the reachability between factors through one unit length. An initial 21*21 matrix of the identified CSFs for paired comparison was developed and sent to the 10 experts for their opinions. Factors (i/j)123456789101112131415161718192021 1111010000001100010000 2011010000000000000000 3001111111011100000000 4100101111011100011000 5001011000010000000000 6001011000010000000000 7001000110010000000000 8001000100000000000000 9001000000010000000000 10000000000100100000000 11000000000010000000000 12000000000001100000000 13000000000001100000000 14000000000011011100000 15000000000010001111001 16000000111100001111000 17000000000000000010000 18000001000000100011000 19000000000101000011100 20000000000000011100010 21100001000000100010001

10. Obtaining interrelationship between CSFs Forming Reachability Matrix(R) of CSFs Reachability Matrix (R) which indicates both the direct and indirect effects of a factor on all other factors is generated. Boolean algebraic operation Factors (i/j) 123456789101112131415161718192021 Driver power 111111111101110001100014 2111111111011100011000 3111111111011100011000 4111111111011100011000 5111111111011100011000 6111111111011100011000 7111111111011100011000 8111111111011100011000 9111111111011100011000 100000000001011000000003 110000000000100000000001 120000000000011000000002 130000000000011000000002 1411111111111111111100119 1511111111111110111100118 1611111111111110111100118 170000000000000000100001 1811111111101110001100014 1911111111111110001110016 20111111111111111111011 2111111111101110001100115 Dependence power16 61719 2441716115

11. Hierarchical structuring of CSFs Partitioning the Reachability Matrix R obtained above was then partitioned by deriving the reachability set (R(F i )) and antecedent set (A(F i )) to obtain ISM hierarchy For any factor, if R(F i ) is a complete subset of A(F i ), that factor(s) will be taken out and assigned a particular level

12. Hierarchical structuring of CSFs Factor (Fi)Reachability set: R(Fi)Antecedent set: A(Fi)Intersection R(Fi)∩A(Fi)Level 11~9,11,12,13,17,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 21~9,11,12,13,17,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 31~9,11,12,13,17,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 41~9,11,12,13,17,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 51~9,11,12,13,17,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 61~9,11,12,13,17,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 71~9,11,12,13,17,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 81~9,11,12,13,17,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 91~9,11,12,13,17,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 1010,12,1310,14,15,16,19,20,2110 11 1~9,11,14,15,16,18~2111 Ⅰ 1212,131~9,12~16,18~2112,13 Ⅰ 1312,131~10,12~16,18~2112,13 Ⅰ 141~18,2114,2014 151~13,15~18,2114,15,16,2015,16 161~13,15~18,2114,15,16,2015,16 17 1~9,14~2117 Ⅰ 181~9,11,12,13,17,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 191~13,17,18,1919 201~18,20,2120 211~13,17,18,2114,15,16,20,2121 First Iteration of Reachability Matrix

13. Hierarchical structuring of CSFs Second Iteration of Reachability Matrix Factor (Fi)Reachability set: R(Fi)Antecedent set: A(Fi)Intersection R(Fi)∩A(Fi)Level 11~9,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 Ⅱ 2 1~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 Ⅱ 3 1~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 Ⅱ 4 1~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 Ⅱ 5 1~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 Ⅱ 6 1~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 Ⅱ 7 1~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 Ⅱ 8 1~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 Ⅱ 9 1~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 Ⅱ 10 10,14,15,16,19,20,2110 Ⅱ 141~10,14,15,16,18,2114,2014 151~10,15,16,18,2114,15,16,2015,16 161~10,15,16,18,2114,15,16,2015,16 181~9,181~9,14,15,16,18~211~9,18 Ⅱ 191~10,18,1919 201~10,14,15,16,1820 211~10,18,2114,15,16,20,2121

14. Hierarchical structuring of CSFs Factors1~9 Establishment of trust-based partnership Establishment of contract-based partnership F1.professionalism of partners F2.high credibility of partners F3.harmonious long-term working relationships F4.partners have rich experience in cooperation and innovation F5.mutual trust F6.open internal and external communication and cooperation F7.equitable allocation of risks F8.appropriate allocation of interests F9.clear definition of responsibilities

15. Mapping Relationship between Factors

16. Degree of Relationship between CSFs Factors (i/j) 123456789101112131415161718192021 Driver power 111111111101110001100014 2111111111011100011000 3111111111011100011000 4111111111011100011000 5111111111011100011000 6111111111011100011000 7111111111011100011000 8111111111011100011000 9111111111011100011000 100000000001011000000003 110000000000100000000001 120000000000011000000002 130000000000011000000002 1411111111111111111100119 1511111111111110111100118 1611111111111110111100118 170000000000000000100001 1811111111101110001100014 1911111111111110001110016 20111111111111111111011 2111111111101110001100115 Dependence power16 61719 2441716115 Reachability Matrix

17. Degree of Relationship between CSFs F10.systematic methodologies to carefully monitor the innovation process

18. F11.establishment and communication of conflict resolving strategy F12.clear identification of user need F13.responsiveness to internal and external changes F17.formulating strategies to transfer knowledge of the innovation project to the business project Degree of Relationship between CSFs

19. F1-9.contract- and trust- based partnership F18.presence of integration champions

20. Degree of Relationship between CSFs F14.owner’s involvement and leadership F15. top management commitment F16.strategic importance of the innovation project F19.building a strict incentive system F20.external support F21.organizational culture for effective and on- going learning and innovation

21. Conclusion and future research Conclusions  Identification of 21 CSFs for technological innovation in construction projects  Establishing a hierarchical order for prioritization and consequent action for the decision-making of technological innovation in construction projects  The vital CSFs in innovation projects of construction project: ◦ external support ◦ owner’s involvement and leadership ◦ top management commitment ◦ strategic importance of the innovation project

22. Conclusion and future research Future research

23. Thank you! Questions?