1. Singapore: Tackling Future Mobility demand
Waqas Cheema
LKY Centre for Innovative cities Singapore university of technology and design
A comprehensive review of how Singapore developed into one of the best transport network
Insights into direction of future planning
Introduction to a research area for collaboration

2. This will form both first and last slide
This will form both first and last slide. First, to give exciting overview to hook public. And last to conclude the vision.

3. The Journey
For the first 30 years, road and public transport systems managed separately
In 1995, Land Transport Authority as one major governing body
The White Paper (1996) identified 4 key strategies:
Integrating transport and land use planning
Expanding the road network and maximizing its capacity
Managing demand for road usage
Providing quality public transport choices

4. ‘..convinced that Singapore is well placed to create a world class system’ (Hasegawa et al, 1997) – Independent International Audit Panel

5. Road Development
Over last 19 years, road network has been expanded by about 16%
Unlike London, New York, Tokyo which can expand housing in suburbs, Singapore has restricted land area of which 14% is given to housing

6. Road Development
1995 to 2010, rate of total vehicle population growth outstripped growth of road development Vehicle growth - 3% p.a Road growth - 1% p.a.
Vehicles to Road length ratio

7. Road Management
Maximize Capacity
Regulate Vehicle Use

8. Intelligent Transport Systems
i-transport
EMAS
GLIDE
J-Eyes
TrafficScan
MyTransport.sg

9. i-Transport System
Integrated and unified platform that centralizes the management of all Intelligent Transport Systems
24/7 ITS operating centre
Includes:
Traffic signal control
Traffic monitoring
Incident management
Provision of real-time traffic advisory information
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10. Expressway Monitoring and Advisory System (EMAS)
Intelligent incident management tool that manages traffic along Expressways
Detects accidents, vehicle breakdowns and other incidents promptly, ensuring fast response to restore normal traffic flow
Recovery crew arrives within 15 minutes
Provides real-time information of travelling time from the entry point of Expressway to selected exits
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11. Green Link Determining (GLIDE) System
Controls all traffic signals in Singapore
Wire sensors beneath the road surface of junctions to sense the presence of vehicles
Adjust ‘green time’ in response to changing traffic flow
Also, links adjacent traffic signals to allow vehicles to travel from one junction to another with minimal stops
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12. Traffic Scan system & Junction-eyes (J-Eyes)
TrafficScan - provides updated travel information on roads to motorists
Taxis equipped with GPS give information on their locations and speeds as they ply along roads
J-Eyes - system of surveillance cameras at strategic signalized junctions for traffic conditions monitoring purposes
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13. MyTransport.sg
App empowering commuters, motorists and cyclists to make informed decisions and better plan their journeys
Features include:
Public transport journey planner
Search nearby bus stops and arrival times
Search nearby taxi stands and book taxis
Report road defects via crowdsourcing
Get real-time parking lots availability
Traffic news
Explore cycling towns, routes, and parking facilities
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14. Regulate Vehicle Use Congestion pricing
In 1999, Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system to charge vehicles in central zone

15. Regulate Vehicle Use Demand management
Previously, mechanisms such as import fee worth 130%, and an excise tax of 20%
In 1990, Government cut the growth of car population from 6% to 3% a year. And further to 1.5% in 2009, 1% in 2012, and 0.5% 2013 onwards Vehicle Quota System - prospective car owners to bid for Certificate of Entitlement (COE)

17. Number of Cars / 100 persons

18. Average Speed of vehicles on roads
Although Vehicle population grown in these years, Average speed stays constant. Thanks to ITS measures, infrastructural developments, and demand management tactics

19. Taxi network 18000 taxis carrying around 1 million passengers a day
Liberalized market with few operators
Quality of Service Standards by the government
Highest number of taxis per million population among Hong Kong, London, and New York

20. At one of the lowest fares

21. Bus Network
By 1990s, two multi-modal Public Transport Operators – ComfortDelgro, the parent of SBS Transit, and SMRT Corporation
In 2008, Land Transport Authority (LTA) took the role of centralised bus planner
Today, buses dominant public transport mode – over 3.6 million journeys per day

22. Population – Buses Ratio
Buses capacity increasing in comparison to population growth

23. One of the highest in comparison

24. At one of the lowest fares

25. Rail Network
Realized in 1972 that buses alone would not be able to cater for all Singapore’s public transport demand
Construction began in 1982
First line opened in 1987
Today, 153km of MRT line (tube) and over 2.6 million passengers a day

26. Strategy – Connect Regional, Sub-Regional, and Central Area

27. Population – Rail length Ratio

28. In comparison to other metropolitans

29. At one of the lowest fares

30. Recent years & Future

31. Changing dynamics GDP 28% higher in 2012 as compared to 2008
Expected to grow 3-4% every year over the next years
Population grew from 4.8 million in 2008 to 5.3 million in 2012
More than 12.5 million journeys today. Expected to reach to 14.3 million by 2020

32. Areas of focus More Connections
8 in 10 homes to be within 10-min walk to MRT
Integrated Hubs to make transfers easily
Majorly Public Transport dependent
Better Service
Ramp up capacity to reduce over crowding
Improve reliability and provide information on arrival and journey times
Liveable and Inclusive Community
Make public transport system barrier free
Promote lower emissions and green vehicles

33. Road Development Already 12% for road as compared to 14% for housing
Slower growth of road development in future as limited capacity - prioritization of new roads for bus lanes
Innovative methods – Reversible flow on expressway

34. Aim is to bring modal split to 75% by 2030
Dip because of faster growth in private transport as compared to public transport

35. Bus Network Bus Service Enhancement Program (BSEP) in 2012
Increase fleet by 20% (800 new buses) over 5 years
Government to fund 550 of them, rest by operators
Decrease waiting time - 4 in 5 bus services run every 10 minutes or less during weekday peak hours, improvement from every 15 minutes in 2008
Other advancements:
Bus priority schemes: Mandatory Give-Way on more than 350 bus stops
Bus-triggered signal priority system in test-bedding
Premium Bus Service scheme - commuters willing to pay higher fare for better service
Fast Forward Bus service - fewer stops between long distances
Premium Bus Service Scheme
The premium bus service scheme caters to commuters who are prepared to pay a higher fare for a higher level of bus service, e.g. a more direct journey with a more comfortable ride and guaranteed seas. Premium bus services can help to bridge the gap between personalized services (cars and taxis) and basic public transport services.
A vibrant premium bus service sector will also help to attract more motorists to switch to public transport. To encourage greater market participation and innovation by private bus operators, there will be minimal regulations in bus routes, dates and service frequency for such premium bus services.
Innovative Bus Services
LTA will continue to work with the bus operators to introduce innovative basic bus services to provide greater choice to commuters. The Fast Forward bus service is a prime example. Since its inception in 2005, Fast Forward bus services have brought travel time savings of up to 20% to commuters in the morning and evening peak hours by having fewer stops and flexible routing to avoid traffic congestion.
The mandatory give-way to buses scheme, implemented at 218 bus bays island-wide since 2008, also enables buses to exit the bays faster, by as much as over 70 percent in some cases, for quicker travel.

36. Rail Network
Between now and 2021, a new train line or extension to open every year – even more between 2020 and 2030
Double rail network from 138km to approximately 280km by around 2020
More trains to existing lines to increase capacity by 110%
Upgrade signaling system by 2018 on two major existing lines – 20% increase in capacity Trains will run at 100-second intervals down from 120 seconds today trains every 10 min instead of current 5

38. MRT system by 2030

39. Taxi Network Taxi standards revised in 2013
80-85% of the taxis to be on the road at peak periods by 2015, as compared to 65-70% today
85% of the taxis to achieve daily minimum mileage of 250km as compared to 70% today
Innovative private Taxi Apps – Uber, GrabTaxi, EasyTaxi, allowed in the market

40. Cycling Recent shift towards cycling
As of 2012, 6.4km of cycling path in 5 out of 26 residential districts
By 2015, 100km of cycling path
By 2020, 190km in all of 26 districts
Paths will lead to neighboring areas around districts e.g. schools, MRTs, and shopping center
Long term vision - Island-wide cycling path of 700km
Test-bedding bicycle sharing scheme in one district in 2015

41. EZ-link card One card for all public transport modes
Since 2010, fare calculated based on total distance, irrespective of number or modes of transfers
Extension of services to other lifestyle elements such as shopping payments
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42. Decentralization of Commercial Centers
Decentralize commercial and other economic activities through the development of regional, sub-regional and fringe centres at MRT stations
Reduce the needs to travel by locating employment centres near to residential areas
These ‘Integrated Hubs’ becoming fun and convenient lifestyle places for commuters to embark on their journey, or meet, live, work and play

43. ITS Vision for 2030
“Moving towards a more connected and interactive land transport community”
Smart Urban Mobility of the Future where people and the transportation system are seamlessly connected, interacting through innovative, state-of-the-art
ITS technologies

44. Real-time Information
Vision 2030
Real-time Information
Smart Agent
Interactivity
Shared Vehicles
Satellite tracking
Autonomous Vehicles
Green Vehicles

45. Real-time information of everything
Includes:
Travel times
Crowdedness in buses / trains
Arrival times of buses, trains, and taxis
Queue lengths at junctions and stations
Parking availability
Achieved by embedded sensors, satellite trackers, HD cameras, and crowd sourcing
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46. Smart Agent A mobile App or a device able to:
Interact with various modes of transport for locating shared vehicles, booking taxis, etc
Provide smarter information of journey planning with combination of choices
Take care of logistics e.g. making payments

47. Interactivity V2V
Communication between nearby vehicles wirelessly, sharing useful information on surroundings
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48. Interactivity V2I
Communication with infrastructure on signals, traffic availability, and road conditions

49. Shared Vehicles
Intelligent vehicle-sharing system - users to locate vehicle on their smart devices and drive to destination without having to return it to its original location
Vehicle will subsequently be picked up by another user from the previous location

50. Shared Vehicles
Ride-sharing to provide smarter way of car pooling and maximizing capacity
Such smart on-demand vehicle sharing mobility solution can reduce vehicle ownership and congestion drastically

51. Satellite-based tracking & ERP
GNSS technology to provide next generation Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
overcomes the constraints of physical gantries
allows more flexible distance-based congestion charging
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52. Autonomous Vehicles Autonomous driving signifies a paradigm shift
Driverless buses to provide greater connectivity for the first and last mile travel, mitigate driver shortages and improve productivity
Mention Ford semi-autonomous
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53. Autonomous Vehicles
Driverless cars to maintain a safe distance from other vehicles and comply with speed limits automatically, hence eliminating human errors
Driverless vehicles can move in platoon formation in compact and systematic manner to optimise road capacity
Mention Ford semi-autonomous
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54. Green Vehicles
20% of the total carbon emission & 75% of air pollution attributed to motorised traffic
Electric powered vehicles and diesel-hybrid systems more energy efficient and less harmful to the environment
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56. Metric for Ideal Future City
Objective is to highlight areas each city should focus on developing in order to reach the vision by 2030

57. Autonomous Vehicles Integrated System
seamless integration of multi-modal transportation services; taxis, AVs, shared vehicles, buses and trains
100% penetration of smart card
Mass Public Transport
Modal split of at least 75%
Coverage to every residential and commercial district
No over-crowding (high frequency) and reliable information on arrival and journey timings
Less fare in comparison to the same journey by private transport
Interactivity
No boards, traffic signs, and other physical hardware to communicate with drivers. Instead in-vehicle communication
Both V2I and V2V communication
Telepresence
Employees can work from mobile locations, children can attend real-time classroom sessions, and any person can virtually walk through lanes of shopping mall
Holographic rather than online
Smart Agent
Able to interact and integrate with all the transportation modes
Provide intelligent information and assistance
Shared Vehicles
At least 50% of the total non-mass public transport journeys via shared vehicles
Autonomous Vehicles
At least 50% on road vehicles to be Autonomous
Bicycles
At least 10% share in the modal split

60. Waqas Cheema
LKY Centre for Innovative cities Singapore university of technology and design
A comprehensive review of how Singapore developed into one of the best transport network
Insights into direction of future planning
Introduction to a research area for collaboration