2. ACIDS, BASES, & THEIR SOLUTIONS

3. The pH Scale Is a substance an acid or a base?

4. ACIDS a compound that increases the number of hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water tastes sour An acid can change the color of certain compounds

5. What is an ion? An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron giving it a positive (+) or negative (-) charge.

6. USES OF ACIDS Citric & ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) = orange juice Carbonic & phosphoric acid give a “bite” to soft drinks Acids in your stomach aid in digestion Sulfuric acid is the most widely used industrial acid in the world. It’s used in making metals, paper, paints, and fertilizers.

7. BASES any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions (OH-) when mixed with water tastes bitter feel slippery A base can change the color of certain compounds

8. Uses of Bases used in soaps (remember, bases are slippery) used to make paper, in oven cleaners, and to unclog drains Ammonia is a base and is used in many household cleaners

9. Detecting Acids and Bases You can detect an acid or a base using an indicator. INDICATOR - A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base.

10. INDICATORS Litmus paper is an indicator  An acid turns blue litmus paper red  A base turns red litmus paper blue Cabbage juice can be used as an indicator. pH paper- turns a color & then match it to the pH scale given. pH meter- will give you a number for the solution.

11. HOW DO WE MEASURE pH & WHAT IS pH?

12. pH= stands for powers of Hydrogen. ---It’s a measure of the hydronium ion concentration in a solution.

13. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 A CID B ASE NEUTRALNEUTRAL The pH Scale

14. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 A CID B ASE NEUTRALNEUTRAL The pH Scale

15. Let’s see what you’ve learned!  Mrs. Borras wants to know what you’ve learned. Answer the following questions carefully.  DO NOT ANSWER OUT LOUD!!!!! Write it down.

16. Question #1 Lemon juice has a pH of 2.2. Is it an acid or a base?

17. Question #2 Detergents such as Tide have a pH of about 10. Is Tide an acid or a base?

18. Question #3 Seawater has a pH of 8.2. Is seawater an acid or a base?

19. Question #4 The inside of your mouth has a pH of 7. Is it an acid or a base?

20. Question #5 How do you think we came up with the term “acid rain”?

21. Question #6 409 cleaner contains ammonia that has a pH of 12. What will 409 do to red litmus paper?

22. Question #7 A soft drink has a pH of 3.2. What will it do to a piece of red litmus paper?

23. You’ve just completed Mrs. Borras’ Quiz Let’s see how you did!