1. Spot the thrust belts!

2. Amazon S Brazil Niger Orange Nile Deep-water fold-thrust belts Angola

6. Bonga discovery 2001 Water-depth 1,145m Reserves 600 million barrels Recoverable oil….

7. Oceanic crust Akata Fm Agbada Fm

8. What is deformation and what stratigraphy?!

10. 10 km

14. See Fowler et al. 2004, Geol Soc Memoir 29 Kutei Basin, E. Kalimantan

15. After Morgan 2004, Geol Soc Memoir 29

16. Amazon S Brazil Niger Orange Nile Deep-water fold-thrust belts Angola

19. Amazon S Brazil Niger Orange Nile Deep-water fold-thrust belts

20. THICKNESS OF DRIFT SUCCESSION Gas Isopach (in km) After Jungslager, 1998 Orange Basin S Africa Data from SA Petroleum Agency

21. NORTHERN ORANGE BASIN (Block 3B/4B – BHP Billiton) Pinotage prospect Extension up-slope balances contraction at toe

22. SCHEMATIC PROFILE ACROSS NORTHERN ORANGE BASIN

23. LATE CRETACEOUS TOE THRUST STRUCTURES

25. Deepwater NW Borneo From Ingrams et al. Mar.Pet.Geol 2004

28. Mud volcano (buried)

29. Shale diapirs

30. ?

31. Gas hydrate

32. Artefacts Or Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator?

33. Deepwater fold belts The down-slope contraction for gravitationally collapsing sedimentary prisms… Weak detachment (overpressured shale, salt) Controls on timing….(tilting, sediment loading) Controls on location…. (Toe of slope….Edge of Detachment)

34. Branch line exercise Salt tectonics Controls in fold belts Salt movement and intrusion Vertical movement Lateral movement and salt allochthons

35. ZagrosSalt Range Examples: fold belts where SALT acts as detachment

36. Salt Range

37. From McClay et al. 2004 (MPG)

38. From Sepehr 2004 (MPG) foredeep Topography & seismicity

40. Extrusion and flow of Salt Detachment on salt

42. From Sherkati et al. 2004 (Mar. Pet. Geol. )

43. Salt intrusion in outcrop Cambrian salt penetrating Quaternary sediments, Indus Valley, Salt Range

44. Qeshm island, Iran 5 km

45. www.ersdac.or.jp

46. Seismic through salt domes and diapirs

48. Diapir from Zechstein salt: Danish/Norwegian N sea

50. Salt allochthons: Gulf of Mexico

54. From Grando & McClay (Mar.Pet.Geol. 2004) Sigsbee escarpment

55. From Grando & McClay (Mar.Pet.Geol. 2004)

56. Frampton anticline: Atwater fold belt GOM From Grando & McClay (Mar.Pet.Geol. 2004)

58. Movies from the Applied Geodynamic Lab, Bureau of economic geology, Uni Texas. Bruno Vendeville’s group Thin-skinned extension drives diapirism Lateral migration of sediment load migrates salt - Santos Basin, Brazil Toe-of-slope compression drives extrusion Open as Quicktime movies

59. Key reading: Chapter 5 Salt Tectonics In: Evaporites by John Warren (1999). Blackwells.