1. { Study Guide: Test 1 Write down the ones you do not know and study them tonight!

2. What is the theme, or central idea, of “Through the Tunnel”? an individual’s struggle to achieve difficult goals

3.   Which of the following quotations from the story best illustrates Jerry’s internal conflict? “All night the boy dreamed of the waterfilled cave in the rock, and as soon as breakfast was over he went to the bay.”

4.   Jerry’s mother feels that it is important to allow Jerry some independence.

5.   What feelings motivate Jerry’s resolution to swim through the tunnel? shame at his childishness and fear

6.   An action that demonstrates Jerry’s internal conflict is obeying his mother’s request that he not swim for the day.

7.   Jerry’s preparations to swim the tunnel are determined and planned

8.   Before Jerry gets up the nerve to swim the tunnel, he trains himself to hold his breath for two minutes underwater.

9.   At the end of the story, Jerry feels. excited and proud.

10.   By the end of the story, Jerry has lost interest in the cave because he knows he has attained his goal

11.  Two symbols from “Through the Tunnel” and what they stand for are: The safe beach = youth The wild bay = adulthood

12.   At the end of Act One, the hero commits to leaving the Ordinary World and entering a new region or condition with unfamiliar rules and values. Crossing the Threshold

13.   The hero is tested and sorts out allegiances in the Special World. Tests, Allies, and Enemies

14.  . The hero returns home or continues the journey, bearing some element of the treasure that has the power to transform the world as the hero has been transformed. Return with the Elixir

15.   The hero takes possession of the treasure won by facing death. There may be danger of losing the treasure again. The Reward

16.   Something shakes up the situation, either from external pressures or from something rising up from deep within, so the hero must face the beginning of change. The Call to Adventure

17.   The hero feels the fear of the unknown and tries to turn away from the adventure, however briefly. Refusal of the Call

18.   The hero comes across a seasoned traveler of the worlds who gives him training, equipment, or advice. Meeting with the Mentor

19.   Sara went to pick up some groceries for Tom and _________. ME!!!

20.   When Jessica spoke with Tina and ________, she mentioned that she would be late to the party. ME!!!!

21.  Greek heroes were often: Demigods

22.  Old English heroes were part of a: Warrior Culture

23.  Renaissance heroes were the: Universal Human

24.  Romantic Heroes were: Mysterious

25.  Early American Heroes were: Pioneers

26.  Plot Diagram – Exposition: Main Characters: Mom and Jerry Setting: A beach in the past Jerry is trying to gain independence.

27.  Plot diagram – Rising Action: Jerry practices holding his breath

28.  Plot diagram – Climax: Jerry swims through the tunnel

29.  Plot diagram – falling action: Jerry goes back to the villa to dry his tears and wipe the blood away

30.  Plot diagram – Resolution: Jerry tells his mom that he no longer wants to go to the bay

31.  Homer was a Blind Greek poet

32.  What is a minstrel? Someone who travels and tells stories to make a living

33.  What was “oral tradition”? Passing stories down verbally from generation to generation (these stories are not written)

34.  Why is it important for us to understand Greek values? It helps us understand the characters’ motives

35.  What is reciprocity? A mutual exchange between two people

36.  What is the foremost rule of ancient Greek hospitality? Treat all guests with respect

37.  The ancient Greeks believed that their actions should: Please the gods

38.  What is hubris? Extreme arrogance or self pride. It is the fatal flaw of many Greek characters

39.  An epic is a long narrative ________ Poem

40.  Epic poems address what types of concerns? Universal

41.  Epic poems focus on the adventures of what types of heroes? Legendary or historical

42.  Where is the setting of an epic poem? In MANY different locations

43.  The story is ___________ and written in a _________ language. Simple; formal

44.  What is a classical allusion? A reference to mythology

45.  What is an epithet? A short descriptive phrase that characterizes a person, place, or thing

46.  What two types of things does a Homeric simile compare? Epic events to everyday events

47.  The epic that precedes the Odyssey is the Iliad

48.  What does “squall” mean? A sudden violent wind often with rain or snow

49.  What are exploits? Notable deeds (especially for heroism)

50.  What does clambered mean? To climb awkwardly

51.  What does stalwart mean? Strong and brave

52.  What does squalid mean? Foul and repulsive, as from a lack of care or cleanliness