1. A brief guide to adapting some PE activities to enable the inclusion of pupils with Physical Disabilities. Adapted PE Hockey Baseball Rhythmic Gymnastics Hints for Adapted PE Boccia Information about Disabilities Useful Information

2. Cerebral Palsy Muscular Dystrophy

3. There are three main forms of Cerebral Palsy: spasticity; athetosis and ataxia. Cerebral Palsy is caused by damage to the developing brain in the motor control area.The damaged caused depends on the location where the brain is injured. The symptoms vary widely, depending on the location and the amount of damage to the brain. Symptoms range from very mild (only a slight speech impairment and/or perception difficulties, unsteady gait) to severe (unable to control and co-ordinate movement, no speech, wheelchair bound). There can also be hearing and vision loss. For more information visit: http://www.inclusive.co.uk/support/cp.shtml http://www.scope.org.uk/ Cerebral Palsy

4. Pupils with Cerebral Palsy can be easily distracted therefore it is important to produce an environment that is free from external stimulation. The PE lesson needs to reduce the level of excitement as this can increase the risk of the child going into spasm but the lesson needs to be highly stimulating in order to keep the children’s attention. Some pupils have poor motor organisation. Holding and supporting is often difficult and care is needed when doing some physical activities. Such pupils maybe unable to anticipate the flight of a ball or have a fear of being hurt therefore it is essential that another type of ball is used that is slower in speed i.e. a beanbag or shuttlecock. Implications for PE for pupils with Cerebral Palsy

5. Hints for Teachers for pupils with Cerebral Palsy Hockey Boccia Baseball

6. 1.Fewer rules and simple instructions could be used. 2.A longer and flatter hockey stick could be used. 3. To assist grasping the stick attach some Velcro to the palm of a glove, and to the stick. If this is not enough try wrapping a bandage around the hand and stick, to help the fingers to stay closed. 4.Bigger and brighter balls may be required to enable pupils help pupils with visual and perception difficulties. 5. A variety of sticks of different lengths and weights can be used to accommodate pupils’ individual. Hockey

7. Boccia 1. Pupils must determine whether they are going to throw or become a ramp player. 2. Pupils need to practice various throwing and rolling techniques to determine which is best for them. 3. Players may need a longer time to deliver the ball if they have difficulty in grasping or releasing the ball. 4. Some players may need a rest on which to place their elbow in order to steady their throw. 5. Some players may need to have their body or one arm strapped to contain their spasm from disturbing their throw.

8. Baseball 1.An uprighting Tee can be used so that the pupil can concentrate on hitting the ball rather being frightened of the bowler. 2.Bases can be closer together so manual wheelchair users do not have so far to propel themselves. 3.Simplify the game and introduce new rules slowly once the pupil has mastered the basics. 4.Use a lighter bat or possibly a tennis racquet with a greater surface area.

9. This is a group of inherited conditions that are characterised by the progressive weakness of various muscle groups. The condition itself is not fatal but secondary complications of muscle weakness predispose the person to respiratory disorders and heart problems. Duchenne Muscular, which affects only boys, is one of the most commonly seen types of Muscular Dystrophy. For more information visit: http://www.muscular- dystrophy.org/care_support/daily_living_issues/education/materials_f or.html Muscular Dystrophy

10. About eight to ten years of age the pupil may start to use a manual wheelchair as the arms and legs weaken. The pupil will be prone to shortness of breath and a reduction in mobility is anticipated. As the condition progresses and muscles weaken an electric wheelchair becomes a necessity. Boys with Muscular Dystrophy can benefit greatly from participating in games and sports which require skill and tactics rather than physical strength. They should be encouraged to participate in PE for as long as possible. Adapting PE equipment should be introduced slowly and carefully to avoid frustration. Involve the pupil in making decisions on how they can improve PE for themselves. Implications for PE for pupils with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

11. Hockey Boccia Baseball Hints for Teaching pupils with Muscular Dystrophy

12. 1.If the pupil has poor grasping skills attach the stick to the wheelchair, either at the side or in the middle between the feet. 2.The hand with which the pupil drives the chair is their best and strongest one. 3.Pupils may lack physical strength but they can help you to adapt the equipment to suit their needs – ask them! 4.Hockey sticks needs to be light in weight and flatter and longer than the average stick i.e. like an ice hockey goal keeper’s stick. 5.Balls may need to be bigger and brighter – easier for control. 6.Rules may need to be simpler and shorter. 7.Playing area may need to be smaller at the start until the pupil is able to get control of the ball and stick Hockey

13. Boccia 1. Pupils must determine whether they are going to throw or become a ramp player. 2. Player may tire easily if they are playing a long game. 3. Players may need someone to hand them the ball (depending on how weak they are). 4. If an assistant is helping the player with the chute, they must have their back to the game and must not move outside the player’s box.

14. 1.Use a lighter bat or possibly a tennis raquet with a greater surface area. 2. Muscle weakness may prevent the pupil from swinging the bat – get the bowler to throw at the face of the raquet. Baseball

15. Boccia Boccia is likened to French boules and was orginally developed for people with more severe disabilities. However, it is now played by people with all levels of disabilities and is a Paralympic Sport. It is played with 6 red balls, 6 blue balls and 1 white target ball and the aim of the game is to get as many of your boccia balls as close as possible to the white target ball.

16. Boccia The team with their ball closest to the white target ball will score one point. They will also score a point for every one of their balls that is closer to the white ball than their opponents closest ball. Boccia is played from a seated position. There are no limitations as to how to propel your boccia ball. A player can roll, push, kick or throw their ball. They can use a ramp, called an 'assistive device', or a head aid if that is more suitable. This makes the game open to people of all ages and abilities regardless of impairment.

17. Boccia Throwing Techniques Video Clip EquipmentRules The Assistant

18. There are 2 teams (red and blue). Each team has 3 members. Each team tries to gain as many points to win the match. Each player has a box to sit in within the court. The red team occupies the boxes 1, 3, & 5. The blue team occupies the boxes 2, 4, & 6. The player can propel the ball by rolling, throwing, kicking or using an assisted device. The Jack (which is the white ball) is thrown first and the teams try to either score points closest to the Jack or block their opponent. Boccia General Rules

19. Each game consists of 6 “ends” and a player from one team propels the jack to start each “end” A player from the red team throws the first jack to start an “end” and also plays the first coloured ball. A player from the opposing team throws his coloured ball. The player with the coloured ball furthest away from the jack ball has next throw until they either get closer to the jack ball or run out of colours. Once all the balls are played then that is the end of 1 “end”. The team with the most balls closest to the jack wins that “end” and the scores are recorded. The next “end” is then played by the blue team and so on. The game is won when all the players have the chance of throwing the jack ball and the scores are added up.

20. Boccia This equipment is made up a set of 13 balls: Blue (6) Red (6) plus a Jack ball (white). Chutes or Assisted Devices can be used for the player who cannot throw. They can be purchased or improvised (e.g. from drainpipes).

21. Dimensions of a Boccia Court 10m 2.5m 3m 6m 3m 1.5m Valid Target Area 2m Invalid Target Area Shooting Boxes

22. please measure the balls What is the score? 2 - 1 Which is the scoring ball? can I come on court and have a look please? What is the match score? Could my opponent or their helper please move out of my way? my opponent’s helper is talking I want to complain – my opponent is moving when it’s my turn to play My opponents ramp was out of the box My opponent did not release the ball himself That ball is out of court! I think the referee has made a mistake! Which is the closest ball? I agree with the score. Please sign for me Please get the Head Ref The Picture Communication Symbols ©1981­2006 by Mayer-Johnson LLC. AllRights Reserved Worldwide. Used with permission.Mayer-Johnson By kind Permission of Sandra King at Lord Mayor Treloar School who developed this grid Communication charts for pupils to use during Boccia game

23. LEFT UP RIGHT Please move the ramp LEFT RIGHT Can I have the ball please ? YESNO please check everything is inside the lines please put your hand up, I want to speak to the referee Please move the top of the ramp up down DOWN Please move the bottom of the ramp up down please change ramps The Picture Communication Symbols ©1981­2006 by Mayer-Johnson LLC. AllRights Reserved Worldwide. Used with permission.Mayer-Johnson By kind Permission of Sandra King at Lord Mayor Treloar School who developed this grid

24. The Picture Communication Symbols ©1981­2006 by Mayer-Johnson LLC. AllRights Reserved Worldwide. Used with permission.Mayer-Johnson By kind Permission of Sandra King at Lord Treloar School who developed this grid can I look? I think the referee has made a mistake! Which is the closest ball? I agree with the score. Please sign for me I want to complain my opponent’s helper is talking please put your hand up please get the Head Referee my opponent did something wrong What is the score? 2 - 1 please check everything is inside the lines please measure the balls

25. Boccia: Different ways of throwing Under arm Throwing Direct Throwing Back spinning Throwing

26. An assisted Device which has been made for a pupil who has Muscular Dystrophy and is unable to throw the boccia ball. Boccia: Different ways of throwing

27. Boccia: The role of the Assistant The Assistant is not allowed to speak to the player at all during play. The Assistant must face the wall and cannot see the game in play until the referee says so. The player must direct the assistance at all times. The Assistant must stay inside the players box at all times.

28. Boccia Click on the picture to see a short video clip demonstrating different throwing techniques.

29. Hockey Rules Equipment Video Clips

30. This game is based on mainstream hockey, but with fewer variable rules. The hockey pitch is divided into various zones and players of equal ability are assigned to each zone. This helps makes all players feel equal within the game and aids safety. A team usually has one player in each zone but more players can be added if appropriate. General Rules of Hockey

31. Players must play within their own zone and pass the ball to try and score. If players play outside zone a penalty will be given to other side. The ball must be passed to all players in each zone before scoring. Rules can be flexible for any game.

32. Diagram of Zone Hockey Team 2 Team 2 Team 2 Team 1 Team 2 Team 1 Team 1 Team 1

33. Hockey Sticks ~ lighter in weight. ~ larger flatter blade. ~ flatter to the floor so able to capture the ball. Hockey Balls ~ Soft ball. ~ Lighter or heavier, depending on the skill level of the pupil. HOCKEY EQUIPMENT

34. Alternative hockey equipment which can be used for pupils in wheelchairs. The sticks & the ball are very light and easily manoeuvrable. HOCKEY EQUIPMENT

35. Ways of attaching the hockey stick to the wheelchair This pupil is able to hold the stick between his feet. This pupil needs the hockey stick attached to the chair. This pupil is capable of using a stick with a shorter handle. This pupil has a flatter longer stick, so he can capture the ball.

36. Hockey Click on the pictures to see short video clips demonstrating passing and receiving skills.

37. Baseball Rules Equipment Video Clip

38. General Rules Of Baseball There are two teams who take turns fielding and batting. Each team has the chance of scoring as many points as possible by trying to complete a circuit around the diamond. The batting team tries to hit/strike the ball into space. The fielders have to retrieve the ball while the batter runs around the cones for a complete home run (bases 1- 4). The batter has 3 chances of hitting the ball. If he/she fails they must run on the third bowl and only go to first base. Another member of the team then comes forward to bat. Players can only move once the batter has hit the ball. The players must be observant as they run. If they catch up with the person in form of them or they are out. A complete run around the four cones is counted as a home run. Once all the batters are all out, then the two teams swap.

39. General Rules Of Baseball cont: The bowler must only bowl the ball between the knees and the chest otherwise it’s a bad ball. If a fielder catches the ball before it touches the ground the batter is out. The fielders can stop the batter team completing a home run by retrieving the ball and hitting a cone before the person reaches it. Fielders have specific areas to defend and need to keep their eyes on the ball at all time. One at each base, one behind the batter & the rest around the field. Fielders need to watch the flight of the ball and anticipate where it will end up. Quick retrieval and accurate throwing of the ball to their team players is important to get the batting team out with as little home runs as possible.

40. Base 1 Base 3 Base 2 Base 4 Batting Pegs The Baseball Diamond Bowling box

41. An Up Rite Tee This batting tee allows the pupil to hit the ball and it returns upright automatically. If pupils are unable to hold the baseball bat there are alternatives. This foam baseball bat is very light. The tennis racquets are of various sizes. The balls are various weights & made of different materials. BASEBALL EQUIPMENT

42. This pupil has Muscular Dystrophy. He is unable to hit the ball by swinging the racquet. The Bowler is hitting the face of the racquet so the pupil can hit it and move to a base. How pupils use the equipment in different ways

43. This pupil has limited movement but is able to swing the racquet slightly. Notice he is facing the Up Rite Tee side on, so he is ready to move once he has hit the ball.

44. These pupils have problems in moving quickly. The Up Rite Tee gives the pupils stability & confidence to hit the ball and move to their base.

45. Click on the picture to see a short video of pupils in wheelchairs playing baseball.

46. Rhythmic Gymnastics Equipment Video Clips

47. Hoop Ribbon Ball Pupils use a piece of apparatus and create a sequence of movements to perform in time to a piece of music.

48. Rhythmic Gymnastics Equipment Hoop ~ These can be various sizes and made out of plastic. Ball ~ These are made out of a special texture which is easy to grip. Ribbon ~ The stick is lightweight & the ribbon can be of various lengths.

49. The balls have uneven surfaces on them for easy grasping. The glove and the stick have velcro attached to them. This pupil has velcro wrapping around the strap The ribbon stick is placed inside the strap.

50. Example of Rhythmic Gymnastic Sequence with Hoop 1.Start with the hoop resting vertically on lap, hands either side (Gymnast looking through). 2.Raise hoop and extend forwards, hoop still vertical. 3.Rotate hoop ¼ of a circle – one hand now on top and one hand above knees. 4.Rotate hoop ½ in opposite direction – other hand now on top and one above knees. 5.Repeat 3 & 4. 6.Raise hoop upwards overhead. 7.Sway hoop to the right and then to the left. 8.Repeat 7. 9.Lower hoop and place over any body part to final position. Click on the picture to see a video clip of a routine.

51. Example of Rhythmic Gymnastic Sequence with Ribbon 1.Start with the ribbon in one hand, extended sideways 2.Swing the ribbon across the front of the body and back to sideways position. 3.Repeat the swing and back two more times raising the ribbon a little higher each time. 4.Swing the ribbon over head and back to sideways. 5.Repeat 4. 6.Repeat 3. 7.With a circling action in any direction finish with ribbon over any part of the body or over the opposite arm. Click on the picture to see a video clip of a routine.

52. Example of Rhythmic Gymnastic Sequence with Ball. 1.Start with 2 hands holding the ball on the lap. 2.Roll the ball up the front of the body to extend arms overhead and without stopping circle the ball forward to lap position. 3.Roll the ball up the front of the body to extend arms overhead and without stopping circle the ball to hold it with straight arms extended forward. 4.Transfer the ball to one hand and swing it to the sideways position and swing back to front hold. 5.Transfer the ball to the opposite hand and swing it to a sideways position and back again to forward hold. (Gymnasts with limited use of one arm may perform 5 & 6 with the same arm). 6.Cup the ball in both hands and raise arms slightly to roll the ball towards the body and catch it against the chest.

53. THINKOUTSIDETHEBOX Rhythmic Gymnastics Rhythmic Gymnastics Boccia Baseball Hockey Click each subject for further suggestions

54. Rhythmic Gymnastics Pupils with Wheelchairs Ribbons – Shorter Thicker Stick – Shorter - Lighter Velcro gloves to help pupil grasp the stick Ball – Larger - Lighter in Weight/Colour - Textured area to help grasp Hoop – Larger in size - Lighter in weight

55. Baseball Batting implements Baseball Bats Cricket Bats Plastic Bats Tennis raquets Upright Tee Balls Larger Balls Softer Balls - Bounce towards pupil as opposed to bowling Shorten distance of bowler Instructions – Short directions/prompts

56. Hockey Sticks Lighter sticks – plastic Longer Sticks – Larger surface area (attached to wheelchairs) Balls Larger Brighter Heavier – Stop movement quickly Hockey Puck Larger Goal Area More space between pupils Specific areas only for pupils in wheelchairs to use Practice Make play areas smaller Frequent rest periods

57. Boccia Boccia Balls Various weights (soft, medium, hard) Lighter Balls (Travel further) Throwing Pupils can throw, push or kick the balls onto the court A chute or assisted device can be used if the pupil is unable to throw Lengthen time for pupils turn

58. Welsh Websites http://www.fdsw.org.uk/ http://www.bridgendsportingchance.org/disabilitysportd.html http://www.drc.gov.uk/about_us/drc_wales.aspx http://www.flintshire.gov.uk/webcont/newrealweb.nsf/vwa_docr ef/DEVS6JLEWE http://www.dragonsport.co.uk/en/23.htm Useful information

59. Disability Sports Websites http://www.efds.net/ http://www.sportfocus.com/comdir/majorcat.cfm?cid=77&maj=Disa bility%20Sport http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/disability_sport/def ault.stm SportSability is a disability-specific games package developed by the Youth Sport Trust which includes a set of boccia balls plus resource cards on skills and mini games along with training on how to deliver the games to young disabled people. For information visit http://wrexham.gov.uk/english/leisure_tourism/sports_developmen t/disability/sportsability.htm For equipment contact Davies Sports (tel) 0845 120 4515 or visit www.daviessports.com www.daviessports.com Useful information

60. http://bocciainternational.com/home.html http://www.cpsport.org/boccia/ http://www.cpisra.org/html/sports/boccia/boccia.htm http://www.bocciainternational.com/ http://www.britishsports.com/boccia.htm Useful information Boccia Websites

61. http://www.newitts.com/shop/1/12/Sports_Equipment.htm http://www.daviessports.co.uk/section.php?cat=p www.evansport.co.ukSuppliers

62. Bibliography & Acknowledgements Winnick J,P. 1990 Adapted Physical Education and Sport. Communication Charts: by kind permission from Sandra King of Lord Mayor Treloar School. Rhythmic Gymnastics Routines from Gwyneth Lingard. Many thanks. Video Clips edited by Mr Howard Penny. Many thanks.