1. 2O10’S DISASTERS IN PICTURES NOTABLE PHYSICAL PHENOMENA: EL NINO, LA NINA, EARTHQUAKES, LANDSLIDES, WILDFIRES, SEVERE WINDSTORMS, VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, FLOODS, OIL SPILL, AND DROUGHTS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. IMPACTED NATIONS Caribbean Nations, China, Haiti, Chile, Indonesia, France, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Turkey, …

3. IMPACTED NATIONS (continued) … Madeira (Portugal), USA (California, North Dakota, Minnesota, Mid-Atlantic States), Brazil, Peru, Russia, Mexico, Iceland (Europe,---), Taiwan

4. IMPACTED NATIONS (continued Indonesia, Taiwan, Iceland, Europe (Poland, Germany, Hungary, Czech Republic), USA (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida), …

5. IMPACTED NATIONS (continued Pakistan, USA (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, California), Bolivia, …

6. IMPACTED NATIONS USA (North Carolina, New England states, Texas), Mexico, New Zealand, Guatemala, Pakistan, …

7. IN 2009, DROUGHT CONDITIONS WERE EXCERBATED BY EL NIÑO El Niño caused warming of the Pacific Ocean, which in turn caused Atlantic and Caribbean waters to be cooler.

8. DROUGHTS

9. CARIBBEAN NATIONS FACED DROUGHT CONDITIONS DURING 2010 DROUGHT ATTRIBUTED TO EL NIÑO CONDITIONS

10. SAINT LUCIA BARBADOS SAINT VINCENT and the GRENADINES GRENADA ANTIGUA and BARBUDA JAMACIA GUYANA TRINIDAD and TOBAGO CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES EXPRIENCING DROUGHT IN 2010

11. DROUGHT IN KUNMING, CHINA: 2010

12. EARTHQUAKES HAITI CHILE TURKEY INDONESIA CHINA TAIWAN

13. M7.0 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES HAITI A CATASTROPHE IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE’S POOREST NATION 4:53 p.m.; JANUARY 12, 2010

14. THE M7.0 HAITI EARTHQUAKE: JAN 12

15. PORT AU PRINCE: 1.8 MILLION IN A NATION OF 9 MILLION

16. EXAMPLE OF DAMAGE: PORT AU PRINCE

17. PORT: TOPPLED CONTAINERS

18. COLLAPSE OF UN BUILDING; PORT AU PRINCE

19. DEATH TOLL REACHED AN ESTIMATED 220,OOO+

20. M8.8 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES CENTRAL CHILE: 3:34 am on February 27, 2010 Subduction Zone M8.8 Quake 500 Times More Energy than the M7.0 Haiti Quake 800+ Deaths; 500+ Injured Numerous Aftershocks Tsunami Waves Travel Across Pacific Estimated Loss: $30 Billion

21. LOCATION: 330 KM (200 MI) FROM SANTIAGO

22. LOCATION: 100 KM FROM CONCEPCION; 330 KM FROM SANTIAGO

23. DAMAGED BUILDING IN CONCEPCION

24. CONCEPCION: URGENT MASS CARE NEEDS

25. CONCEPCION: LOOTERS

26. CONCEPCION: ELEVATED HIGHWAY COLLAPSED

27. LOCAL TSUNAMI DAMAGE

28. TSUNAMI WAVES MOVED ACROSS THE PACIFIC

29. M6.1 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES EASTERN TURKEY AT 4:32 AM THREE VILLAGES DESTROYED ALONG WITH MANY FARM ANIMALS AT LEAST 57 DEAD MARCH 8, 2010

30. NORTH AND EAST ANATOLIAN FAULTS

31. OKCULAR: POOR CONSTRUCTION

32. EARTHQUAKES INDONESIA CHINA TAIWAN

33. M7.7 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES INDONESIA NEAR EPICENTER OF 2004 QUAKE SUBDUCTION ZONE OF SUNDA AND INDO-AUSTRALIA PLATES 5:15 AM, APRIL 7, 2010

34. LOCATION

35. TOWN OF SINABANG (60 KM FROM EPICENTER)

36. SURVIVORS FACED HARSH TEMPERATURES

37. LANDSLIDES MACHU PICCHU SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MADEIRA (PORTUGAL) BRAZIL (RIO DE JANEIRO) TAIWAN

38. RAIN AND MUDSLIDES IN MACHU PICCHU 2,500 TOURISTS STRANDED JANUARY 28, 2010

39. MACHU PICCHU

40. MUDFLOWS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: FEB 6, 2010 THE INTERSECTION OF HEAVY RAINFALL IN FIRST WINTER STORM OF 2010 AND BURNED OUT AREAS FROM WILDFIRES OF 2009 INCREASED RISK

41. FACT: MUDSLIDES INCREASE AFTER WILDFIRES

42. WILDFIRE- BURN AREAS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO MUDFLOWS

43. MUDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY FLASH FLOODS DEVASTATE THE MADEIRA ISLANDS, PORTUGAL AT LEAST 42 DEAD FEBRUARY 20-21, 2010

44. LOCATION OF MADEIRA

45. FEBRUARY 21: FLASH FLOOD

46. FEBRUARY 21:MUDSLIDE

47. FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES PARALYZE BRAZIL WORST IN 50 YEARS APRIL 7, 2010

48. RIO DE JANEIRO

49. LANDSLIDE IN TAIWAN EXACERBATED BY M6.5 EARTHQUAKE AND RAIN APRIL 26, 2010

50. LOCATION

51. LANDSLIDE

52. LANDSLIDE IN ZHONQU COUNTY, CHINA Over 700 dead, hundreds injured, and over 1,000 missing Midnight - Saturday, August 7, 2010

53. MUDSLIDE: ZHONGU, CHINA

54. DAMAGED BUILDINGS

55. FLOODED STREETS

56. EXPLOSIONS RELEASED THE BLOCKED BAILONG RIVER

57. PRIME MINISTER WEN JIABAO CALLING FOR ACTION: AUG 8TH

58. RESCUE WORKERS

59. SEARCH AND RESCUE

60. OIL SPILLS AND LEAKS GULF OF MEXICO

61. “GREAT GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL OF 2010” COASTS OF LOUISANA, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, AND FLORIDA WERE IMPACTED BY A 5 MILLION BARREL OIL LEAK THAT CAUSED A HUGE ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER APRIL 22- AUGUST ???, 2010

62. OIL RIG EXPLODED IN GULF OF MEXICO: APRIL 22

63. DEEP WATERR HORIZON IN GULF OF MEXICO: APRIL 22

64. DEEP WATER HORIZON: APRIL 22

65. NASA PHOTO OF OIL SPILL IN GULF OF MEXICO

66. INITIAL OIL SHEEN ON WATER

67. OIL REACHES CHANDELEUR SOUND: APRIL 30

68. CLEANUP CREW

69. PLACING AN OIL CONTAINMENT BOOM: MAY 29

70. BOOM CONTAINS SPREAD OF OIL: MAY 29

71. BOOM PROTECTING A SMALL ISLAND

72. CLEAN UP SHIPS AT ANCHOR DUE TO WIND & WAVES: MAY 1

73. WIND & WAVES REDUCE EFFECTIVENESS OF BOOMS

74. OIL DOME ENROUTE TO SITE OF LEAK: MAY 6

75. FISHERMEN OUT OF WORK: PERMANENTLY ???

76. LA BATRE, AL: ALL FISHING SHUT DOWN

77. “A WHALE” ARRIVES IN GULF OF MEXICO: JULY 2

78. 2O10’S SEVERE WINDSTORMS Xynthia Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic Basin Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific Basin Typhoons Cyclones

79. A diminished El Nino created more favorable conditions for an increase in Atlantic basin severe windstorms during 2010, as compared with 2009.

80. NOR’EASTER: FEBRUARY 5, 2010

81. WINDSTORM XYNTHIA FEBRUARY 26-28, 2010

82. XYNTHIA: FLOODING IN FRANCE

83. TROPICAL STORM AGATHA STRIKES GUATEMALA SHORTLY AFTER PACAVA ERUPTS FIRST STORM OF PACIFIC SEASON FOLLOWS VOLCANIC ERUPTION MAY 27-29, 2010

84. HURRICANES IN EASTERN PACIFIC AGATHA BLAS CELIA DARBY FRANK

85. AGATHA’S PATH

86. TORRENTIAL RAINS

87. SINKHOLE: GUATEMALA CITY

88. TYPHOON CHANTHU (Category 1) July 17-23, 2010

89. TYPHOON CHANTHU: A CAT 1 STORM

90. 2O10’S SEVERE WINDSTORMS Xynthia Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic Basin Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific Basin Typhoons Cyclones

91. A diminished El Nino created more favorable conditions for an increase in Atlantic basin severe windstorms during 2010, as compared with 2009.

92. ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Alex (H) June 21 Bonnie July 27 Colin Aug 3 Danielle (H) Aug 21 Earl (H) Aug.29 Fiona Aug 30

93. ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Gaston Sept 1 Hermine Sept 6 Igor H Sept 8 Julia H Sept 12 Karl (Pending) Lisa (Pending)

94. ALEX STARTED AS A TROPICAL WAVE IN THE CARIBBEAN: JUNE 20

95. FORECAST: TROPICAL STORM- HURRICANE ALEX

96. TROPICAL STORM ALEX: LANDFALL AT BELIZE; JUNE 26

97. TROPICAL STORM COLIN: FORMS ON WED, AUGUST 3

98. 25/08/2010S.MORA98

99. 25/08/2010S.MORA99

100. HURRICANE EARL BECOMES A CAT 4 STORM AGAIN AS IT HEADS TOWARDS THE EAST COAST OF USA WIND BANDS EXTEND 200 MI FROM EYE AUGUST 29 – SEPTEMBER 4, 2010

101. DANIELLE, EARL AND FRANK: AUG 29

102. FLOODING: ST JOHNS, ANTIGUA

103. AUGUST 31: HURRICANE EARL’S FORECAST

104. HURRICANE EARL’S FORECAST: SEPT 1

105. 5,000 EVACUATE NORTH CAROLINA’S OUTER BANKS: SEPT 1

106. TROPICAL STORM GASTON JOINS EARL AND FIONA: SEPT 1

107. TROPICAL STORM HERMINE: A RAINMAKER; SEPT 6, 2010

108. TROPICAL STORM IGOR: SEPT 8, 2010

109. HURRICANE IGOR (LEFT) & HURRICANE JULIA (RIGHT): SEPT 13, 2010

110. FLOODS RUSSIA (SIBERIA) NORTH DAKOTA AND MINNESOTA, BRAZIL EUROPE PAKISTAN

111. FLOODS IN RUSSIA MARCH 2010 SPRING RUNOFF AFTER A HARSH WINTER INCREASES FLOOD RISKS ACROSS RUSSIA

112. THE THREE GREAT SIBERIAN RIVERS THAT FLOODED

113. FLOODING IN SIBERIA

114. FLOODING IN KAZAKHSTAN

116. FLOODING SOUTH OF KAZAKHSTAN

117. NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND MINNESOTA EXPERIENCE MAJOR FLOODING MARCH 28-30, 2009

118. RAPID MELT AND RUNOFF

119. THE “SPIDER” MAKING 5,000 SANDBAGS PER HOUR

120. HALSTAD, MN: 4 FT BELOW 2009’S RECORD OF 40.5 FT

121. FARGO, ND: THE RED RIVER CRESTS 4 FT BELOW RECORD ON MARCH 21

122. RIVERS BURST BANKS AND BREACH DAMS IN CENTRAL EUROPE AFTER WEEKS OF RAIN POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY, CZECH REPUBLIC, … MAY – JUNE, 2010

123. POLAND AND VISTULA RIVER

124. NORTHWEST PAKISTAN (AND AFGHANISTAN) HIT BY FLASH FLOODS AFTER PROLONGED MONSOON RAINS JULY 28-AUGUST 2, 2010

125. DERA ISMAIL KHAN: INUNDATED

126. MUZAFFARABAD: RISING FLOOD WATERS

127. THOUSANDS OF MUD BRICK HOMES COLLAPSED

128. NOWSHERA: DAMAGED MUD HOUSE

129. COLLAPSED HOUSE

130. TRYING TO DIVERT WATER

131. SOME LIVESTOCK WERE SAVED, BUT THOUSANDS DROWNED

132. PESHAWAR: MELONS BECAME PRECIOUS

133. CLINGING TO DEBRIS

134. NOWSHERA: SEEKING HIGHER GROUND

135. SEEKING HIGHER GROUND

136. SEEKING A SAFE HAVEN

137. CHARSADDA: TRYING TO EVACUATE

138. EVACUATION: CARRYING SELECTED POSSESSIONS

139. NOWSHERA: EVACUATION

140. NOWSHERA: EVACUATION TO A SAFE HAVEN

141. EVACUATION: A DIFFICULT TASK

142. NOWSHERA: PAKISTANI ARMY DISTRIBUTING WATER

143. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ICELAND

144. Eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull Volcano in Southern Iceland MARCH 20 and APRIL 14, 2010

145. The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano in Southern Iceland

146. The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano

147. AN 8-KM PLUME OF STEAM: APRIL 14, 2010

148. The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano: Lava and Lightning

149. Glacier and the Ash Cloud: April 18

150. Steam and Ash Cloud: April 17

151. WILDFIRES SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RUSSIA BOLIVIA

152. WILFIRES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: LEONA VALLEY AND KERN COUNTY JULY 27 – AUGUST ?, 2010

153. LEONA VALLEY, CA

155. DC-10 DROPPING FLAME RETARDANT: PALMDALE CA

156. FIREFIGHTERS: KERN COUNTY WILDFIRE

157. RUSSIAN PRESIDENT DECLARES STATE OF EMERGENCY FOR WILDFIRES 600 WILDFIRES IN 7 REGIONS RELATED TO PROLONGED HEAT WAVE JULY 29 – AUGUST ?, 2010

158. 242,000 BATTLE WILDFIRES

159. WILDFIRES IN BOLIVA AUGUST 19- ?, 2010

160. PRESIDENT EVO MORALES DECLARES STATE OF EMERGENCY