1. OGT A GLOSSARY OF TERMS 42-51

2. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Beginning in England in the 1750s, the revolution brought a basic change in the way goods were produced: instead of making goods at home by hand, people now produced them in factories with the help of machines. (27) What problem arising from U.S. industrialization did the progressive reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries want the federal government to address? A. use of child labor in the workplace B. unfair taxes on the wealthy C. restrictions on the use of natural resources D. lack of capital for railroad expansion A

3. 2008 Questions The appearance in many U.S. cities of department stores, organized sporting events, musical theaters and amusement parks in the last decades of the 19th century was evidence of what effect of industrialization? A. improved living conditions on American farms B. the growing power of unions to negotiate benefits for their members C. government-sponsored programs to improve public health and education D. an increase in the leisure time and disposable income of the urban middle class Identify one example of harsh working conditions for British factory workers in the 19 th century. Explain how industrialization led to that condition. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points) D Long Hours Unsafe working conditions Low wages Many children working

4. 2009 Questions Identify four factors (social, political, economic and/or environmental) that contributed to the migration of large numbers of people from Europe to the United States in the late 19th century. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (4 points) Escape Poverty Escape Famine Escape Political Persecution Escape Religious Persecution U.S. Provided opportunity to improve life

5. 2009 Questions Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization Improvements in agricultural technology What was one result of these developments during this time period? A. the growth of large cities B. the decline of labor unions C. the spread of plantation agriculture D. the construction of interstate highways A In the late 19th century, industrialization led to harsh working conditions in the United States. Which policies of the U.S. government allowed such conditions to develop and later led to the growth of labor unions to correct abuses of workers? A. laissez-faire policies toward big business B. antitrust policies toward monopolies C. imperialist policies regarding territorial expansion D. isolationist policies regarding international alliances A

6. INFANT MORTALITY RATE The number of children under one year of age who die for every 1,000 who were born. (97)

7. interdependence The reliance of each nation on selling and buying goods and services from other nations. (120)

8. 2009 Question In recent years, information about foods and food preparation around the world has had a wide audience on U. S. television and on internet websites. People who are eager to try new recipes have created a demand for ingredients not usually produced in the United States. To meet this demand, U.S. supermarkets have been stocking goods formerly unknown to U.S. buyers. What has been the cultural effect of the trend described above? A. a decrease in religious restrictions on particular foods B. a reduction in the numbers of people “eating out” in restaurants C. the inclusion of additional international food choices in the U.S. diet D. people in foreign countries eating more foods produced in the United States C

9. Iranian revolution (1979) Uprising that overthrew the Shah of Iran and replaced his government with an Islamic Fundamentalist state. (134)

10. Iron curtain A term coined by Winston Churchill for the political barrier isolating Soviet- dominated Eastern Europe from Western Europe. (52) Following World War II, the Soviet Union dominated the countries of Eastern Europe. Forty years later, the Soviet bloc disintegrated, and the Soviet Union broke apart as well. These later events led to A. struggles for political control in countries formerly under the control of the Soviet Union. B. the Chinese Communist Revolution. C. renewed conflict between Israel and its neighbors. D. the dismantling of the NATO alliance. a

11. Japanese-American internment camps Confinement of Japanese Americans in camps during World War II because of fears that they would sympathize with or spy for Japan. (71) During World War II, Japanese- Americans were relocated from their homes on the West Coast of the United States to internment camps in the U.S. interior. This action indicated a widespread fear that Japanese-Americans were A. a threat to national security. B. members of the Communist Party. C. competitors for jobs in wartime factories. D. immigrating to the United States in large numbers. a

12. 2009 Question I n 1942, President Roosevelt issued a series of executive orders that authorized the military to remove persons of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast and relocate them to internment camps. In 1982, a commission established by Congress to review the reasons for the relocation and internment found that the decisions were not justified by military necessity. Instead, the commission found that the decision to relocate and intern Japanese-Americans was the result of “race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership.” The commission findings reflect a change in views on what subject? A. the balance of power between Congress and the judiciary B. the balance between individual rights and national security C. the balance of power between the states and the federal government D. the balance between freedom of the press and compelling government interest B

13. “JIM CROW” LAWS A system of laws in Southern states during the late 1800s that segregated African Americans and forced them to use separate, inferior facilities. (86) What was the effect of the passage of Jim Crow laws in the United States in the late 19th century? A. Racial segregation was required by law in southern states. B. Native Americans were moved onto reservations. C. Restrictions were placed on business monopolies. D. Women were denied the right to vote in national elections. a

14. “JIM CROW” LAWS

15. KOREAN WAR A war from 1950 to 1953 between North and South Korea in which South Korea was supported by U.N. troops, mainly from the United States. (55)

16. KU KLUX KLAN An organization formed in the South and revived in the 1920s against foreigners, African Americans and Jews. (65)

17. KURDISH MASSACRE The use of poison gas by dictator Saddam Hussein against the Kurdish people in Northern Iraq. (86)