1. Broyhill Wind Project 4 March 2008 Presentation

2. Topics to cover REI background Broyhill Wind Project Visual analysis – Photo simulation – Shadow analysis Sound analysis Other topics Discussion

3. Renewable Energy Initiative Mission Statement Reduce the environmental impact of Appalachian State University by replacing the university’s existing sources of energy with cleaner forms of renewable energy technology on campus and serve as a resource for students and faculty by identifying and investing in the most appropriate renewable energy projects.

4. Last Year’s Vote on the REI Fee Student referendum for additional fee of $5/student/semester 1,352 votes – more than the presidential issue (1070) 93% of voters (1258) voted yes! Compared with 2004 vote – 500 more votes this year – 82% mandate in 2004

5. Completed REI projects Biodiesel Collaborative Solar Thermal ASU & AppalCART Biodiesel Tank Biodiesel Collaborative Photovoltaic Array

6. Current REI projects Raley Hall Photovoltaic Array Plemmons Student Union Solar Thermal System Plemmons Kiosk Education Building Solar No examples of wind energy

7. Broyhill is the windiest place at ASU Wind Power density map Annual Average wind speed map

8. Other benefits Broyhill site School property Close to infrastructure – Short run to utility interconnect – No additional roads needed Showcase ASU – Environmental leader – Student activity – Serves as an attraction

9. Where Next to water tank – Highest place has the best wind – Extend water tank fence Well within ASU property – Satisfies setbacks – ASU regulations not Boone or Watauga

10. Site dimensions

12. Size of proposed REI Wind Turbine Dictated by annual budget: $135,000 Can afford about 100kW – Diameter of 20m (66ft) – Tower height of 35m (115ft) – Total height of 45m (148ft) Monopole, 3-blade, upwind  modern – Modeled as Vestas V-20 on 35m tower – Annual output of 150,000 to 200,000kWh, enough for 10 to 15 homes

14. Photo Simulations WindPRO, actual photos – snowy March 1 st – sunny March 2 nd ArcGIS, actual data, CG world – wind turbine = 45m – trees = 60ft – The Broyhill Inn & Conference Center = 40ft – water tank = 30ft – other building = 20ft, regardless of their actual height

17. Bodenheimer Dr.

19. Broyhill dining room

25. Animations in ArcGIS

26. What will it sound like? Same noise level as a “quiet office” – Rear carport – Outside dining room window Will not be above ambient sound levels – loading dock – Upper dining room patio

27. Sound Analysis Decibel chart Ambient sound measurements on: – March 2 nd, windy day – March 3 rd, calm day with birds chirping WindPRO analysis

28. Ambient noise level Pink dB from 1 st March, windy day –see right Blue dB from 2 nd March, calm day

29. Ambient Noise Results dB Common reference Calm dayWindy dayV-20 noise Equivalent Location morewalk by idling SUV 60Noisey officeLoading dock @ tower base 55Upper patio @ 35m Middle of paved service road 50Quiet office window AC in northwest corner service area picknic table front carport service area picknic table rear parking lot @ 85m Outside dining room window 45 transformer box lower patio rear carport @ 140mFront carport less transformer box lower patio rear carport front carport WindPRO calculations on noise level and distances from turbine dB[ft][m] 555617 5020061 45404123 40623190 35945288

30. Shadow Analysis Astronomical worst case – Always sunny, and therefore always a shadow – Always windy, so the blades are moving – Always blowing inline with the turbine and the observer; making the blades perpendicular to the observer, and giving the largest possible shadow area This way not this

31. Rear carport

32. Dining room window

33. Dining room shadow An awning – Need to shade when sun is at first shadow on winter solstice –the worst case Azimuth of 167 Elevation of 29 – Broyhill faces 86 – Apply trigonometry 5.5ft overhang provides full shading for 10ft tall window

34. Chancellor’s house

35. Other items Radio – No. Asynchronous, brushless motors do not cause the same RF interference – Turbines as antenna towers Construction – Relatively small crane Birds Typically not an issue – Monopole does not allow for roosting – Broyhill not a known migratory path for endangered birds

36. Animations in ArcGIS

37. Questions & Discussion

38. THANK YOU

41. Output

42. Comparison of output