1. University NanoSatellite Program NSF Small Satellites /Space Weather Workshop 17 May 2007 Dr. R. Scott Erwin Academic Affairs Coordinator Space Vehicles Directorate Distribution Authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors. Refer other requests for this document to AFOSR/PI

2. 2 Air Force Research Laboratory AFOSR Space Vehicles Directed Energy KIRTLAND Sensors Space Vehicles HANSCOM Munitions EGLIN Human Effectiveness MESA Materials & Mfg TYNDALL BROOKS Human Effectiveness Sensors Information ROME Propulsion EDWARDS Information Air Vehicles Propulsion Materials & Mfg Human Effectiveness Sensors WRIGHT-PATT Headquarters ~6000 people, ~$1.5B annual budget,   Commander @ WPAFB

3. University NanoSatellite Program (UNP) MANDATE Develop a “Space cadre” of highly- trained US university students Teach “hands-on” systems engineering through design, AI&T, launch and on-orbit operation of student-built nanosatellites SECONDARY GOALS Develop militarily-relevant small satellite technologies Develop US university space research capabilities Background: Nanosat-2 launch on Delta 4 Heavy (2004)

4. University NanoSatellite Program Cycle Process Flow AFOSR BAA Proposals Due Late CY Even Years AFRL/AFOSR/AIAA Rank Proposals via BAA reqs Universities selected and notified January Odd Years Kick off meeting Competition begins Early spring Odd Years Grants awarded (After Kick Off Meeting) ~110K / school over 2 years Open to U.S. Universities only Former Student PM’s now Professor PI’s AFRL/VS Program Management Systems Eng S/C Eng Flight I&T Winner! Launch Opportunity Via AFRL/SMC (SERB) Cycle Repeats every 2 Years – 2 Cycles running at any point in time Flight Competition Review (FCR) Late March/Early April Odd Years ~2 years

5. 199920002001200220032004200520062007 University NanoSatellite History NANOSAT-1/-2 Arizona State New Mexico State U Colorado-Boulder Stanford Boston Carnegie-Mellon Utah State Virginia Tech Washington NANOSAT-3 UT Austin Washington U - St. Louis Michigan Tech Arizona State Montana State - Bozeman Penn State Taylor U U Colorado, Boulder U Hawaii at Manoa U Michigan Worcester Polytechnic New Mexico State Utah State NANOSAT-4 U Cincinnati U Minnesota U Central Florida Santa Clara U Cornell U Missouri - Rolla Texas A&M New Mexico State Washington U - St. Louis Utah State UT Austin UNP 2 Launch Delta IV Heavy December 2004 UNP 3 Downselect UT-Austin (FASTRAC) January 2005 UNP 4 Downselect March 2007 UNP 2 Delivery 3-Corner Sat January 2002 NANOSAT-5 U Minnesota, Santa Clara U, Texas A&M, Michigan Tech, Washington U - St. Louis, Utah State U, Colorado U, Montana State, UT Austin, Penn State, Boston U UNP 2 LV Integration May 2004 UNP 3 Delivery Summer 2006?

6. University & Student Involvement 25 universities and >2500 students since 1999

7. Project Objective Provide flight demonstration capability to two AFRL SBIR-developed low shock release devices Study ionospheric disturbances Measure upper atmosphere cloud formation Simulate formation flying capability Technical Innovation / Approach Three nearly identical independent satellites built by three separate universities Each university plus AFRL launcher combined to form Nanosat-2 Impacts / Benefits Education legacy of the Future Aerospace Workforce Advertisement of AFRL for recruitment Dec 2004 – Nanosat-2 Three Corner Satellite (3CS) Launched on the first Delta IV Heavy Demo Mission Nanosat-2 aloft Demosat on Delta IV Heavy Delta-IV Heavy Liftoff Three Corner Sat (University NanoSat 1/2)

8. FASTRAC (University NanoSat 3) (Formation Autonomous Satellite with Thrust, Relnav & Crosslink) OBJECTIVE:  Primary: Low-cost, small, precise GPS rel-nav metrology  Secondary: Demo motorized Lightband separation system & Micro-Discharge Plasma Thruster DESCRIPTION One satellite maintains orbit altitude, the other is a drifting “control” Verified by GPS telemetry, potentially by ground-based tracking http://fastrac.ae.utexas.edu/

9. CUSat (University NanoSat-4) OBJECTIVE Demonstrate and verify on orbit Carrier-phase Differential GPS for relative navigation Demonstrate an end-to-end autonomous on orbit visual inspection system. DESCRIPTION Centimeter-level accurate Carrier- phase Differential GPS Cameras to gather target-satellite imagery Image-processing techniques to verify the CDGPS relative distance and orientation estimates Generation of a 3D model of the target satellite for the user. http://cusat.cornell.edu/

10. NanoSat-5 Competition in progress Eleven schools participating Missions varied from ionospheric observations, to autonomous separation and GPS navigation, to remote sensing using GPS signals. Preliminary Design Review (PDR) will occur in August 2007 at the USU SmallSat Conference.

11. AFRL Sponsored Activities Hands-on Standard Sat-Fab Practices Aerospace Engineering Facility (AEF) @ KAFB Includes clean room procedures, elec/mech fab All Universities participate (~50 Students on-site) NS-4 PDR, Logan, UT, August 2005 Formal Review Process SCR (System Concept) (t = 0) Internal AFRL/NASA review (telecon) PDR (6 months @ SmallSat, Logan, UT) ~20 Industry/Government reviewers CDR (~1 year @ each university campus) AFRL + selected others (industry) experts Proto-Qualification Review (1.5 years, @ SmallSat) Format as PDR w/ fully-built EDU FCR (Flight Competition) (2 years, Location varies) Formal Panel of Judges and Criteria w/ downselect

12. SHOT – Student Hands-On Training Workshop High Altitude Balloon Payload Workshop Colorado Space Grant University of Colorado Boulder, CO First Year: Standard Kit Payloads Second Year: Nanosatellite Subcomponent Payloads (e.g. sensor, comm box, etc)

13. Summary Program Success –Strong, persistent University participation –Strong support from AF and AIAA –NanoSat-1/2 launched –NanoSat-3 delivered and in-storage Upcoming Events –Working manifest for NanoSat-3 (UT-A) w/ SMC SDTW –NanoSat-4 (Cornell) slated for delivery Fall 2007 –NanoSat-5 PDR August 2007, FCR ~Spring 2009 Questions?