2. What conclusions can you draw from this war bond poster? 1.What does the bloody knife represent? 2.Who is the menace of the seas? 3.What kind of propaganda do you see related to Operation Iraqi Freedom (is it as blatant as this from WWI)?

3. WAR or PEACE: In a short answer format write down a few reasons why you are for or against warfare for any specific reasons. There is no wrong answers and we will discuss this in class: 1. Write in your notes at least 2 reasons why you support/ or do not support warfare for any reason.

4. “THE WAR TO END ALL WARS” United States History Chapter 19 Section 1- CAUSES

6.  Militarism- development of armed forces, their use in diplomacy  By 1890, Germany has the strongest army on the European continent - Competes w/ Britain for sea power - Leads other powers to join naval arms race

7. Triple Entente/ Allies BRITIAN FRANCE RUSSIA Central Powers GERMANY AUSTRIA-HUNGARY OTTOMAN EMPIRE

8. Germany industrializes, competes with France & Britain for Colonies

9. Nationalism- devotion to interest, culture of one’s nation Nationalism leads to competition, antagonism between nations Many fear Germany’s growing power in Europe Various ethnic groups resent domination, want independence Russia sees self as protector of all Slavic peoples

10. Balkan Peninsula known as the “Powder Keg” because 1. Ethnic rivalries among Balkan peoples 2. Leading powers have economic, political interest

11. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophie were shot by Serbian nationalist - Assassin Gavrilo Princip (member of the Black Hand)

12. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia and expects a “SHORT WAR” Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia and expects a “SHORT WAR” Alliance system pulls one nation after another into war Alliance system pulls one nation after another into war

17.  Trench Warfare- Military operations in which the opposing forces attack and counter attack from systems of fortified ditches rather than on an open battlefield  “No Man’s Land”- a barren expanse of mud pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire  Front line, Support, and Reserve trenches

19. “If you have never had trench foot described to you, I will explain. Your feet swell to two to three times their normal size and go completely dead. You can stick a bayonet into them and not feel a thing. If you are lucky enough not to lose your feet and the swelling starts to go down, it is then that the most indescribable agony begins. I have heard men cry and scream with pain and many have had to have their feet and legs amputated. I was one of the lucky ones, but one more day in that trench and it may have been too late.” (Harry Roberts)

20. “Whilst asleep during the night, we were frequently awakened by rats running over us. When this happened too often for my liking, I would lie on my back and wait for a rat to linger on my legs; then violently heave my legs upwards, throwing the rat into the air. Occasionally, I would hear a grunt when the rat landed on a fellow victim.” (R L Venables)

23. U.S. exports to Europe between 1912- 1917 reflected favoritism to the Allied Nations Submarine warfare and British blockades made it difficult to get supplies into Germany by 1917 Famine in Germany

24.  1917- U.S. Mobilized for war against Central Powers: - Ensure Allied repayment of debts - Prevent Germans threat to U.S. shipping

25. German U-boats sink the Lusitania (English Cruise Ship); 128 Americans dead- May 7 th, 1915 - Unrestricted submarine warfare makes the seas unsafe for all vessels by Germany

26. ZIMMERMAN NOTE- Telegram from German foreign minister to German ambassador in Mexico- Alliance between Mexico and Germany- January 16 th, 1917 - Germany claimed to regain lost Mexican territories of the U.S.

27. What were the long term effects that led to European empires engaging in a World War?

28. What was the name of the Archduke who was assassinated in Sarajevo?

29. What were the countries of the Allies and the Central Powers?

30. What was the name of the German battles plan that set up a 2 front war?

31. What were the 2 major events that led the U.S. into WWI?