1. Ch. 8 Weight Management Eating Behaviors

2. Why do we eat? Smell & taste Smell & taste Mood Mood Family, ethnic, & religious traditions Family, ethnic, & religious traditions Social Occasions Social Occasions Health concerns Health concerns Advertising Advertising Cost & availability Cost & availability

3. Food Provides Energy Amount of energy depends on amount of carbs, protein, and fat eaten Amount of energy depends on amount of carbs, protein, and fat eaten Extra calories not used immediately are stored as glycogen or fat Extra calories not used immediately are stored as glycogen or fat Breakfast: important to activate body and brain function right away Breakfast: important to activate body and brain function right away

4. BMR Basal Metabolic Rate: amount of energy the body uses for basic functions Basal Metabolic Rate: amount of energy the body uses for basic functions BMR varies for everyone BMR varies for everyone Depends on: age, weight, sex, activity level Depends on: age, weight, sex, activity level

5. Energy Balance Energy Balance: when the food you eat equals the food you burn off Energy Balance: when the food you eat equals the food you burn off Extra calories cause increased body fat and weight gain Extra calories cause increased body fat and weight gain Overweight people are usually too heavy for their height due to Overweight people are usually too heavy for their height due to too much body fat

6. Overweight & Obesity Obesity: condition which there is an excess amount of body fat for one’s weight Obesity: condition which there is an excess amount of body fat for one’s weight One is considered obese if is more than 20 percent overweight over his ideal body weight. One is considered obese if is more than 20 percent overweight over his ideal body weight. Medical experts say a person who's about 30 pounds overweight must be considered obese. Medical experts say a person who's about 30 pounds overweight must be considered obese. Illinois: 26.5% of people are obese Illinois: 26.5% of people are obese

7. Mississippi is the fattest state Mississippi is the fattest state Colorado the leanest Colorado the leanest Illinois is ranked #28 Illinois is ranked #28 Adults: 63% are overweight or obese Adults: 63% are overweight or obese Children: 25% are overweight or obese Children: 25% are overweight or obese IL: OW adults: 25.3%, Ob adults: 61.8%, children: 15.8% IL: OW adults: 25.3%, Ob adults: 61.8%, children: 15.8%

9. Why are so many people overweight? *Diets high in fat and sugar *Inactive lifestyle

10. Healthy Weight for Me? Body Composition: measure of amount of body fat compared to other body tissue -someone can be overweight but not obese using body composition Body Mass Index: index of weight in relation to height used to assess a healthy used to assess a healthy body weight

13. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – DNA passed from your parents may cause you to be naturally heavy or thin. Environment – The lifestyle of a family may also affect the weight of individual members. Location of weight is also a factor. Excess weight above the waist are more prone to heart disease, diabetes and breast cancer than people with excess weight below the waist.

14. Weight Management Plan Weight Management: sensible eating and exercise habits that will keep you at a healthy level -Eat better, eat less, & exercise more -Goal is to lose fat, not the lean muscle -You can gain weight by increasing calorie intake and exercising to increase lean muscle mass

15. Dangerous Wt. Loss -These wt. loss products and programs fail to provide long-term wt. management -fad diets, diet pills, & surgery -The only safe way to lose or manage wt. is through diet & exercise

17. Eating Disorders Eating disorders: conditions which involve an unhealthy degree of concern about body wt. and image and leads to efforts to control this with unhealthy means Body Image: How you see and feel about your body -culture & society affect what you think & feel is the perfect body

18. Body Image - A healthy body image is accepting your appearance and abilities. -It also means having realistic expectations about your size and shape. -Teens are particularly concerned with appearance, yet a teens appearance changes radically as puberty takes its course.

20. Anorexia Nervosa – Self-starvation and excessive exercise.

21. Digestive Problems Heartburn – stomach acid is coming up the esophagus causing a burning sensation. Smaller, low fat meals with enough time to digest before lying down are good preventative measures. Heartburn – stomach acid is coming up the esophagus causing a burning sensation. Smaller, low fat meals with enough time to digest before lying down are good preventative measures. Ulcers – open sores in the stomach lining which are painful may be caused by stress and/or bacteria. An unhealthy diet can only make things worse. If you believe you have an ulcer, contact a doctor. Ulcers – open sores in the stomach lining which are painful may be caused by stress and/or bacteria. An unhealthy diet can only make things worse. If you believe you have an ulcer, contact a doctor.

22. Food Allergies – A small number of people have allergies to certain foods that may cause swelling of the face or esophageal tube as well as hives and rashes. Shellfish and peanuts are common allergy foods. Food Intolerance – Similar to allergy but less severe. Lactose intolerance is the most common. Intolerance usually causes gas, cramping and diarrhea.

23. Embarrassing Digestive Problems Gas – bacteria in the intestinal system help break down foods. Some foods, such as beans, may cause the bacteria to be overactive, producing flatulence. Diarrhea – caused by a wide variety of things and usually harmless. Dehydration is the only issue. Drink lots of fluids to replace what was lost. Constipation – Usually caused by a low fiber diet. Can be prevented with diets high in fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Exercise is also good for prevention.

24. Food-borne Illness An illness caused by contaminated food. An illness caused by contaminated food. The food may be contaminated with bacteria, fungi, parasites or a virus. Some reactions may be life threatening. The food may be contaminated with bacteria, fungi, parasites or a virus. Some reactions may be life threatening. If symptoms are severe, see a doctor immediately. (Jack in the box) If symptoms are severe, see a doctor immediately. (Jack in the box) Avoid cross contamination by cleaning utensils. Cook foods to recommended temperatures. Wash your hands often. Refrigerate stored foods. Avoid cross contamination by cleaning utensils. Cook foods to recommended temperatures. Wash your hands often. Refrigerate stored foods.

25. Types of Food-borne Illnesses Campylobacter – –Bacterial pathogen that causes fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. – –Eating undercooked chicken or food that has been contaminated with juices dripping from the raw chicken is the source. Salmonella – –Bacterium that causes salmonellosis which includes fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. – –In people with weak immune systems or poor health, it can invade the bloodstream and cause life- threatening infections. – –Found from a variety of foods of animal origins.

26. E. Coli – –Bacterial pathogen that causes bloody diarrhea and painful abdominal cramps without a fever. – –Found in the consumption of food or water that has been contaminated with microscopic amounts of cow feces. – –Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is a severe complication that includes anemia, profuse bleeding, and kidney failure.