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APA National Conference American Institute of Certified Planners www.planning.org AICP Exam Prep www.txplanning.org Verónica Rosales, AICP Professional Development Officer, State of Texas Director of Community Development, Sunland Park, NM April 22, 2006
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Ethics History Plan Implementation Sample Questions Overview
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Consider the public interest and long-term consequences Provide adequate, timely, clear, accurate information Do not mislead, misstate, plagiarize, or otherwise conceal the truth Do not discriminate Do provide opportunities for participation Avoid all real and perceived conflicts of interest Key Responsibilities Ethics Key Point: ethical planning isn’t always easy
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Professional planners subscribe to the Code of Ethics & Professional Conduct The Code is Divided into 3 Sections Section A: Aspirational Statement; ideals & principles Section B: Rules of Conduct Section C: Procedural elements Ethics Code of Ethics & Professional Conduct Hand out: Code of Ethics & Professional Conduct
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Section A: Principles to Which We Aspire 1. Our Overall Responsibility to the Public 2. Our Responsibility to Our Clients and Employers 3. Our Responsibility to Our Profession and Colleagues Code of Ethics & Professional Conduct Ethics Key Point: Section A.2.c) We shall avoid a conflict of interest or even the appearance of a conflict of interest in accepting assignments from clients or employers
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Section B: Our Rules of Conduct (samples) 1. We shall not deliberately or with reckless indifference fail to provide adequate, timely, clear and accurate information on planning issues 5. We shall not, as public officials or employers, accept from anyone other than our public employer any compensation, commission, rebate or other advantage that may be perceived as related to our public office or employment Code of Ethics & Professional Conduct Ethics
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Section C: Our Code Procedures Describes (1) the way that one may obtain either a formal or informal advisory ethic ruling, and (2) detail how a charge of misconduct can be filed, and how charges are investigated prosecuted and adjudicated Code of Ethics & Professional Conduct Ethics Key Point: Section A.2.c) We shall avoid a conflict of interest or even the appearance of a conflict of interest in accepting assignments from clients or employers
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Ethics Case Studies Environmental Justice issues Social Justice issues Gender and Disability issues
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org http://www.planning.org/ethics/conduct.html Ethics Barret, Carol D. Everyday Ethics for Practicing Planners. Offers planners a way to recognize the ethical conflicts that arise, analyze them and apply relevant sections of the AICP Code of Ethics. Resources
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org History Ethics Appreciate the historical context of planning as a field of study and as a profession Be familiar with important ideas and movements and with key people, places and events (e.g. Advocacy planning) Comprehend inter-relationships between social, economic and political forces that have shaped planning themes (e.g. Urban Renewal) Distinguish milestone legal cases that have shaped the practice of planning (e.g. Takings)
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Key People History Pierre L'Enfant: Radial design of nation’s capital Frederick Law Olmsted: Park design of Central Park; Planned Communities in Illinois Daniel Burham: Plan of Chicago; City Beautiful Movement; “Make no Little Plans” Rachel Carson: Silent Spring (effect of pesticides on environment) Joel Garreau: Edge Cities concept (suburban cities gaining on older core cities)
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Key People History Ebenezer Howard: Garden City concept (Garden Cities of to-morrow) Paul Davidoff, Saul Alinsky, Sheri Arnstein: Advocacy Planning, 1960s-70s Le Courbousier: architecture and planning Jackie Onassis: Grand Central Station and Historic preservation John Muir: Sierra Club and the environmental movement Jacob A. Riis: How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (sociological factors affecting urban settlements; race; poverty issues)
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Key Places or Events History Publication of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson Publication of The Life and Death of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs Colombian Exposition of 1893 Housing Act of 1954 Columbia, Maryland Design with Nature by Ian McHarg Migration to northern industrial cities by African-Americans from the south
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Key Places or Events History Cincinnati Plan, 1925 Vieux Carre Commission of New Orleans Federal Highway Act Los Angeles County Regional Planning Commission, 1921 Standard State Zoning Enabling Act Urban Renewal Civil Rights Act, 1964 San Francisco Zoning Ordinance, 1867
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Key Legal Decisions History Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty, 1926 Golden V. Planning Board of Ramapo, 1972 Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, 1992 Dolan v. Citv of’Tigard, 1994 Hadacheck v. Sebastian, 1915 Jenad v. Village of Scarsdale, 1966 Construction Indust. Assn. of Sonoma Co. v. City of Petaluma, 1975 Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, 1987 Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel, 1972
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org http://www.planning.org/pathways/default.htm CPC Study Manual, get from your chapters History Scott, Mel. American City Planning since 1890. 1995. The standard text on American city planning history through 1969. Mumford, Lewis. The City in History. 1961. Sweeping, masterful historical analysis of city development all over the world. Describes why cities came about and what their continuing function is. Faludi, Andreas, ed. A Reader in Planning Theory. 1973. Essays on the full complement of 20th century planning theory, such as rational planning, advocacy planning, and incrementalism in planning. Ian McHarg, Ian. Design with Nature. 1992. Pioneering work on environmental planning. Uses map overlays to identify land development constraints and shows how to graphically integrate environmental information. Jacobs, Jane. Death and Life of Great American Cities.1961. Critique on planners and planning still relevant today. Resources
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Regulations Legal principles Growth management techniques Budgets Program evaluation Communications Intergovernmental relations Program management Plan Implementation Overview
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Understand federal, state and local legal requirements for the program under consideration CDBG program – HUD requirements Annexation – state sets the guidelines TIF Districts – state sets the requirements Subdivisions – local requirements in line with federal and state law Have good local codes in place for the program and be able to explain arcane legal requirements to all those that may be affected Regulations Plan Implementation
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org These set the guidelines within the program can operate Do not knowingly ignore or violate these principles Consider what is legal and what is ethical Legal Principles Plan Implementation
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Program: Protection of persons & Property Sub-Categories General Administration Fire Safety Emergency Reporting Preventive Patrol & law enforcement Program Structure Example Plan Implementation Source: CPC Study manual, Chapter12, p. `185
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Element: requirements General Administration Technical Support Records & Communications Plans & Operation Identification Services Community Relations Juvenile Investigation Traffic Safety Program Structure Example Plan Implementation
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org A budget is a priority setting document Account for what the desired outcome is Consider staffing considerations for a program Be prepared to justify each and every item on a program budget Get the best deal Follow procurement processes Budgets Plan Implementation
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Capital Budgeting Project Management Management by Objective Be prepared to justify each and every item on a program Follow procurement processes Budgets Plan Implementation
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Partnerships – Champions, Common vision/goals, shared resources Communication with stakeholders is key Listening actively matters Presentation of program is important Consider audience, proponents, potential opponents Media pros and cons Intergovernmental relations Plan Implementation
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org 1. Consider an Evaluation Strategy that includes: Expected outcomes Data collection on current conditions Measurable objectives Timelines 2. Plan to mitigate potential negative effects of program Program Evaluation Plan Implementation
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org For a new development project, consider: Water Sewer Traffic, roads Noise Air quality Schools Public services Society Community finances Local economy Potential Impacts Plan Implementation: Program Evaluation
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Communications Plan Implementation Communication with stakeholders is key Listening actively matters Presentation of program is important – spokesperson, fliers/newsletters, file keeping Consider audience, proponents, potential opponents, random interested parties Media: pros and cons
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Steps: Initiate, Plan, Execute, Close Elements: Communication, organize information, product delivery, enabling staff to do their jobs Constraints: Time, resources, project scope Program Management Plan Implementation
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Implementation general guidelines: Maintain an implementation schedule and adhere to deadlines Create and adhere to a reasonable budget Acknowledge program constraints Time Money Staffing – capability, availability Operational – space, equipment Develop Partnerships Program Management Plan Implementation
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Q: Who is the Ethics Officer as described in the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional conduct? A: The Executive Director of the APA/AICP B: The Professional Development Officer of each State Chapter C: APA’s AICP & Professional Development Director D: The President of the AICP Commission E: None of the Above ANSWER: A. The Executive Director of the APA/AICP See http://www.planning.org/ethics/conduct.html http://www.planning.org/ethics/conduct.html Q: Which section of the Code of Ethics and Professional conduct contains rules of conduct for planning professionals? A: Section C B: Section A C: Section B D: Both Section A and B E: None of the Above ANSWER: C. Section B. See http://www.planning.org/ethics/conduct.html; AICP Code of Ethicshttp://www.planning.org/ethics/conduct.html Sample Questions: Ethics
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www.planning.orgwww.txplanning.org Sample Questions: History Q: Which of the following is a landmark publication tying planning to the natural environment? A: Silent Spring by Rachel Carson B: Design with Nature by Ian McHarg C: Design of Cities by Edmund Bacon D: The Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs E: The City in History by Lewis Munford ANSWER: B. Design with Nature by Ian McHarg DISCUSSION:
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