1. U1 LE6: For Further Study Metabolic Managers
Enzymes

2. 1. Enzymes are proteins
They are built by organisms from the nutrients or biomolecules they take in
Enzymes frequently end with the suffix “-ase”
amylase, lactase, cellulase, sucrase

3. Each lock requires it’s own key Every chemical reaction has it’s own enzyme

4. 2. Every chemical reaction requires its own enzyme
Amylase - breaks down starch
Sucrase – breaks down sucrose
Lactase – breaks down lactose
Lipase – breaks down fats
Polymerase – Builds nucleic acids
(DNA or RNA) from nucleotides
Helicase – Unwinds the DNA strand

5. Is this enzyme performing catabolism or anabolism?

6. Is this enzyme performing catabolism or anabolism?
Reactant + Reactant > Product

7. 3. Enzymes have specific shapes
Enzymes can fold into different shapes based on
the number of amino acids,
the type of amino acids,
the sequence of amino acids.
Ex. Analogy
26 letters of the alphabet 20 amino acids
Form different words Form different proteins
Ex. Ship vs. shipmate – different number and type
Ex. Ship vs. Hips – different sequence

8. Enzymes have specific shapes
Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose into glucose and galactose
Only the molecule of lactose will fit into this enzyme
Catabolic or Anabolic reaction?
chemicalconnection.org.uk 8

9. Enzymes shapes can be very complex
Enzymes shapes can be very complex . . this is a diagram of lactase folded

10. 4. Enzymes catalyze or increase the rate of reactions
Enzymes speed up reactions by a million times
It would take 50 years to digest one meal without enzymes
Life could not exist without enzymes, because metabolism would come to a screeching halt

11. 5. Enzymes speed up reactions by decreasing the amount of energy needed
Enzymes speed up reactions by decreasing the amount of energy needed to start the reaction
student.ccbcmd.edu

12. 6. Enzymes are not used up or changed in a reaction

13. 7A. Enzyme Destruction: Temperature can change it’s shape or denature the enzyme
High temperatures
Destroy the shape of enzymes – they can’t do their job
Metabolic process cannot occur
This is why heat stroke can kill you

14. Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Reaction Rate30 86 40
104 50
122
The rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions will increase with increasing temperature (due to an increase of molecule collisions) until an optimum temperature is reached. Above the optimum temperature the enzyme changes shape and is denatured (destroyed).

15. 7B. Enzyme Destruction: pH can change it’s shape or denature the enzyme
An improper pH can destroy enzymes
Enzymes that work in specific parts of the body, need to work at a specific pH
Blood pH 7 – 7.45
Stomach pH 1-4
Intestine pH 8
Mouth pH 6.7-7

16. Effect of pH on Enzyme Reaction Rate
Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach and as a pH optimum of about Salivary amylase and alakaline phosphatase have pH optima of 6 and 9 respectively.

18. 7C. Enzyme Destruction: Salinity can also denature enzymes

19. Meet Milo, Larry, Ernest & the Rest

20. Enzyme Review…
1. Biomolecule Group: Proteins 2. Every reaction has its own enzyme 3. Enzymes have specific shapes (based on amino acids) 4. Catalyze or speed up reactions 5. Increase the rate of reactions by decreasing the amount of energy needed 6. Enzymes can be reused for more reactions 7. High temperatures, salinity, or pH can destroy or denature (change its shape)