1. 1. Why do we compare and contrast? 2. What are the three main types of compare and contrast paragraphs? Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Compare and Contrast

2. Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Comparing and contrasting are ways of looking at objects and thinking about how they are alike and different. For instance, all of these items are alike because they are kinds of food, but there are many ways that they are different. For instance, they belong to different food groups. Some must be cooked before eating, and some can be eaten raw. When you write compare and contrast, you will pay attention to these kinds of details.

3. Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association There are two main reasons that people use comparison and contrast: 1. To Explain--You might compare and contrast kinds of food, for instance, to help someone understand which food need to be refrigerated and which can be stored in a cabinet or in a bowl on the counter. 2. To Evaluate--You might compare and contrast kinds of food to show why one kind of food or brand of food is better than another. For example, apples are a better snack than butter.

4. Compare - Look for Similarities Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association When you choose items to compare and contrast, make sure that you choose items that have similarities. You have to choose things that will make sense for comparison and contrast. For instance, it wouldn't make sense to compare a truck with crayons or crayons with a birdhouse. Be sure to compare things that belong together. Compare crayons to pencils or pens, or compare trucks and cars.

5. Compare - Look for Similarities Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association When you compare items, you look for their similarities--the things that make them the same. For example: Apples and oranges are both fruit. They're both foods. Both are made into juice. Both grow on trees.

6. Contrast – Look at Differences Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association When you contrast items, you look at their differences. For example: Apples are red. Oranges are orange. The fruits have different textures. Oranges need a warmer place to grow, like Florida. Apples can grow in cooler states, like Washington.

7. Comparing Every Day Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association You probably use comparison all the time. Maybe you want to buy some candy, so you go to the store and look at all of the candy that is available. You can't buy all the candy, so you have to narrow down your choices. You compare and contrast the different kinds of candy so that you can make your decision.

8. Comparing Every Day Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association You can compare the kinds of candy by looking at the things that makes the candy alike. All of the candy is sweet. All of the candy is fattening.

9. Comparing Every Day Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association You also contrast the candies to show how they are different. Some of the candy is chocolate. Some is hard candy. Some pieces of the candy have a filling, like caramel or jelly. Some do not. Some of the candy can be broken into smaller pieces while the others are harder to divide if you want to share.

10. Graphic Organizers Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Graphic organizers are useful tools for gathering details about the items that you are comparing and contrasting. Venn Diagrams help you think about where the various characteristics of the items being compared and contrasted fit. The Compare and Contrast Chart is more like a listing tool, where you can brainstorm a list of ways that the items are alike and different. bookmovie 1 2 alike different

11. Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association How are they alike? sweet fattening How are they different? Type of candy Chocolate bars Jelly beansCandy cane Type of filling chocolatejellypeppermint Share or not?yes no

12. Compare and Contrast in Writing Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Compare and contrast is used in writing to organize an individual paragraph as well as to organize entire papers. For instance, you might write a paper that compares a movie and a book about the same topic. In your paper you can compare and contrast the movie version with the book version.

13. Ready to Write? Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association There are four main things to pay attention to as you write a compare and contrast paper: Supporting Details Balance Organization Transitions

14. 1. Supporting Details Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Set your purpose for writing. To explain – help the reader understand how the items are the same and different To evaluate – persuade the reader that one is better than the other Gather an equal amount of details and examples for each item and place these on a graphic organizer. Only include information that relates to what is being compared.

15. 2. Balance your Writing Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Make sure give equal time to each item that you are comparing and contrasting. If you cover character, setting, and historical accuracy for the book, for instance, you need to be sure that you cover the same elements for the movie. bookmovie

16. 3. Organization Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association There are three ways to organize comparison and contrast papers: Whole-to-Whole Similarities-to-Differences Point-by-Point

17. Whole-to-Whole Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Use a separate section or paragraph for each item you're discussing. To compare and contrast a book and a movie, the section for Item #1 would include everything about the book and the section for Item #2 would cover everything about the movie. The points in each of the sections should be the same and they should be explained in the same order (for instance, you might discuss character, setting, and plot for both a book and movie, and in that order for both). IntroductionItem #1Item #2Conclusion

18. How are they alike? Both showed interest in magic tricks Both were with friends How are they different? Compare and Contrast 2 Characters: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Item 1: KenItem 2: Susan did a magic trick using straws showed how her dog could subtract

19. Compare & Contrast 2 Characters: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association INTRO: Ken and Susan have similar interests, but they use different techniques. ITEM #1: Ken did a magic trick by cleverly using straws to pick up a bottle.ITEM #2: Susan tricked her friend to believe her dog can do arithmetic. CONCLUSION: Both Ken and Susan like tricks and magic, but Ken used clever tools and Susan used clever words.

20. Now you try it… Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association IntroductionItem #1Item #2Conclusion

21. How are they alike? Both characters lost their homes Both characters need a true friend How are they different? Sample C/C Chart: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Item 1: PamItem 2: Jordan Her home caught on fire They lost everything Kelsee said she would help Pam Kelsee is a true friend Her dad lost his job They had to move to a smaller home Her old friends were not true friends She needed a true friend

22. Sample Compare & Contrast: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Pam and Jordan have similar problems but their stories end differently. Pam’s family lost their home to a fire, so Pam’s neighbor, Kelsee, promised to help her. Jordan’s family had to move to a smaller home when Dad lost his job. Jordan’s friends all abandoned her. Pam and Jordan are similar because they both lost their homes and really need a true friend. They have different challenges because Pam has a true friend, but Jordan does not.

23. Similarities-to-Differences Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association In this structure, you use a separate section or paragraph for similarities and differences. You would explain all the similarities about the items being compared and then explain all the differences. For instance, you might explain that the characters and plot were similar in both the book and movie in the one section. In the next section, you could explain that the settings were different. The book took place during the summer while the movie took place during the winter. IntroductionSimilaritiesDifferencesConclusion

24. How are they alike? go out to gather news come back to the news office to work How are they different? Compare and Contrast 2 jobs: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Item 1: newspaper reporterItem 2: newspaper photographer Talks to people Takes notes Writes the story Takes many pictures Develops pictures 15 minutes Chooses 1-2 pictures

25. Compare & Contrast 2 Jobs: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association IntroThe newspaper reporter and the newspaper photographer work for the same goal but have different responsibilities. SimilarThe reporter and the photographer both gather important parts of the story and then come back to the newspaper office to work on the news story. DifferentThe reporter talks to people to get information. He uses the notes gathered to write the newspaper story. In contrast, the photographer takes many pictures of one event. He chooses one or two pictures for the newspaper. The photographer’s pictures are developed in about 15 minutes, but it is hard to tell how long the reporter will need to write. ConclusionThe newspaper reporter and the photographer have similar jobs, but there are some differences.

26. Now you try it… Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association IntroductionSimilaritiesDifferencesConclusion

27. How are they alike? Both characters are greedy Both learned that magic did not make them happy How are they different? Compare and Contrast 2 themes: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Item 1: King MidasItem 2: lazy man in Denmark wants more gold is granted a wish everything turns to gold daughter turns to gold wants his daughter back father dies leaves a magic carpet flies to distant land steals Sultans jewels flies back home jewels fall into sea

28. Point by Point Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Point-by-Point Strategy In this structure, you explain one point of comparison before moving to the next point. For instance, you would write about the characters in the book and movie for Point 1; then you would write about the setting in the book and movie in Point 2. Point-by-Point comparison and contrast uses a separate section or paragraph for each point. For consistency, begin with the same item in each section of your point-by-point paper. For instance, for each point that you discuss, explain the information about the book first and then about the movie. IntroductionPoint 1Point 2Conclusion

29. Compare and Contrast 2 themes: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Item 1: The Boy Who Cried WolfItem 2: Zach and Egyptian Relic CharacterShepherd Tricks people Zach takes in a relic for history project tells his class the relic is real Settinghistory class in present times Genrefablerealistic fiction ThemeliedNo one will trust you if you lie. Problem?

30. Compare and Contrast 2 themes: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Item 1: The Boy Who Cried WolfItem 2: Zach and Egyptian Relic CharacterShepherd says a wolf is attacking sheep tries to trick townspeople Zach takes in a relic for history project tells his class the relic is real Settingcountrysidehistory class in present times Genrefablerealistic fiction ThemePeople may stop helping you if you lie. No one will trust you if you lie.

31. Compare & Contrast 2 Themes: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association

32. Now you try it… Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association IntroductionPoint 1Point 2Conclusion

33. Sample Compare and Contrast 2 themes: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association Item 1: Sam’s ReportItem 2: Ride the Red Cycle CharactersSam - nervous Mrs. Owens - reassuring Jerome - has a disability, feels embarrassed and trapped Tilly – sister, tries to help Point of View 1 st person3 rd person ConflictCharacter vs. self Has to speak in front of class Character vs. self Wants to speak up and say what he wants on his own ThemeWhen you try something you are afraid to do, it might turn out to be easier than you expected. If you really want to do something, and keep trying, you will be able to do it!

34. 4. Transition Words Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association In compare and contrast writing, transition words tell a reader that the writer is changing from talking about one item to the other. Transitional words and phrases help make a paper smoother and more coherent by showing the reader the connections between the ideas that are being presented.

35. Transition Words for Comparing Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association When you're comparing items, using a transition from this list will signal to readers that you're changing from one item to the next and it will also tell the reader that the two items are similar. Here are some examples: The characters in the movie were very similar to the characters in the book. Both the characters in the movie and in the book were interested in detective work. also as as well as both in the same manner in the same way like likewise most important same similar similarly the same as too

36. Transition Words for Contrast Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association On the other hand, using one of the transitions from this list of words will signal readers that the two items you're discussing are different. Here are some examples: The setting in the book was summer while the setting in the movie was winter. The events in the book took place during several afternoons, although the events in the movie took place during the evening. although but differ even though however in contrast instead nevertheless on the contrary on the other hand unless unlike while yet

37. Lesson Essential Questions: Adapted from ReadWriteThink.org International Reading Association 1.Why do we compare and contrast? 2.What are the three main types of compare and contrast paragraphs?