1. Professor Colin R. Martin - Faculty of Society and Health Buckinghamshire New University Dr Mick Fleming – Faculty of Education, Health and Social Sciences Hugh Smith - Faculty of Education, Health and Social Sciences University of the West of Scotland The Elephant within the Learning Environment: The Mental Health and Wellbeing of Teacher Educators; Trainee Teachers and Learners.

2. Focus for the Presentation Learning Environment Mental Health and Wellbeing of Leaders of Learning Mental Health and Wellbeing of the Learner Recent Studies Questions?

4. Learning Environment Complex Environments Reflects Society’s Challenges Modifiable Learning Factors Paradigm Shift with the Health System

7. Mental Health and Wellbeing of Leaders of learning Teaching as a Stressful Occupation Absenteeism and Presenteeism Recommended Strategies for Work Related Stress

10. Mental Health and Wellbeing of the Learner Developmental, Mental Health and Adjustment Orders Changes Impacting on Achieving Developmental milestones Skill development and Culture Change required to support Learners

14. Recent Study Development and validation of the Assessment of Locus of control in Industry, Commerce and Education (ALICE) Scale (Martin and Paul, 2012)

15. PERSONAL MASTERY ORGANISATION CONTROL POWERFUL OTHERS Key themes determined by applied thematic analysis

16. ORGANISATION PERSONAL MASTERY POWERFUL OTHERS O-ITEM 1 ERROR O-ITEM 2 ERROR O-ITEM 3 ERROR O-ITEM ∞ ERROR PM-ITEM 1 ERROR PM-ITEM 2 ERROR PM-ITEM 3 ERROR PM-ITEM ∞ ERROR PO-ITEM 1 ERROR PO-ITEM 2 ERROR PO-ITEM 3 ERROR PO-ITEM ∞ ERROR Structural and measurement model framework

17. Participants (ALICE Development Study)

18. Depression ALICE Subscale Score Non-depressed N=127 Depressed N=73 tdfp Personal Mastery15.54 (4.47)10.75 (5.22)6.58132.04*<0.001 Organisational Control6.64 (2.14)4.81 (2.82)4.80120.00*<0.001 Powerful Others 7.11 (3.07) 4.56 (3.39)5.43198.00<0.001 Total Score29.29 (8.63)20.12 (10.02)6.81198.00<0.001

19. Anxiety ALICE sub-scale Score Non-anxious N=139 Anxious N=61 tdfp Personal Mastery15.13 (4.78)10.75 (5.12)5.83198.00<0.001 Organisational Control6.34 (2.43)5.13 (2.67)3.13198.00 0.002 Powerful Others6.93 (3.27)4.47 (3.13)4.95198.00<0.001 Total Score28.40 (9.43)20.36 (9.58)5.52198.00<0.001

20. Stress ALICE sub-scale Score Non-anxious N=139 Anxious N=61 tdfp Personal Mastery15.13 (4.78)10.75 (5.12)5.83198.00<0.001 Organisational Control6.34 (2.43)5.13 (2.67)3.13198.00 0.002 Powerful Others6.93 (3.27)4.47 (3.13)4.95198.00<0.001 Total Score28.40 (9.43)20.36 (9.58)5.52198.00<0.001

21. Variable BSE B β t p ALICE Personal Mastery ALICE Organisational Control ALICE Powerful Others 0.69 -0.14 -0.11 0.13 0.23 0.22 0.54 -0.05 -0.06 5.39 0.58 0.52 <0.001 0.56 0.60 QoL Variable BSE B β t p ALICE Personal Mastery ALICE Organisational Control ALICE Powerful Others 1.44 0.47 0.42 0.76 0.70 0.34 0.16 0.07 3.46 1.90 0.67 0.001 0.06 0.50 Self-esteem

22. Scottish Association for Mental health

24. References Birchwood, M. and Jackson, C. (2001) Schizophrenia, Psychology Press, Taylor and Francis Group. Davis, A.S., Kruczek, T. and McIntosh, D.E. (2006) Understanding and treating psychopathology in schools: Introduction to the special issue. Psychology in the Schools. Vol. 43(4), pp. 413-417. Denholm, Andrew (2012) ‘Stressed Scots teachers flood helpline for support' Herald 7th September. Dunlop, C. (2004) The Teachers Health and Wellbeing Study Scotland. NHS Health Scotland, Edinburgh. Farrand, P., Parker, M., Lee, C. (2007) Intention of adolescents to seek professional help for emotional and behavioural difficulties, Health and Social Care in the Community, Vol. 15(5), pp.464-473. French, P. and Morrison, A.P. (2004) Early Detection and Cognitive Therapy for People at High Risk of Developing Psychosis. Wiley.com.

25. References Health and Safety Executive (2000) The scale of occupational stress: A further analysis of the impact of demographic factors and type of job. Health and Safety Executive. www.hsebooks.co.ukwww.hsebooks.co.uk Jackson, E. (2002) Mental health in schools: what about the staff? Journal of Child Psychotherapy, Vol. 28(2), pp. 129- 146. Lesesne, C.A., Visser, S.N., White, C.P. (2003) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school aged children: association with maternal mental health and the use of care resources, Paediatrics, Vol. 111(5), pp. 1232-1237. Martin, C.R. and Paul, S. (2012) Application of the assessment of locus of control in industry, commerce and education (ALICE) scale in the evaluation of occupational stress. Oral presentation at The British Psychological Society Psychobiology Section Annual Conference, Windermere, UK: 3rd-5th September 2012. Milkie, M.A. and Warner, C.H. (2011) Classroom learning environments and the mental health of first grade children, Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, Vol. 52(1), pp. 4-22.

26. References Miller, W.R. and Rollnick, S. (2002) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change, New York: Guildford Press. Moran, P., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Olsson, C., Borschmann, R., Carlin, J.B., Patton, G.C. (2011) The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: a population-based cohort study. The Lancet, www.thelacnetonline.comwww.thelacnetonline.com Murray-Harvey, R. (2010) Relationship influences on students’ academic achievement, psychological health and well-being at school, Educational and Child Psychology, Vol. 27(1), pp. 104-115. NASUWT (2010) Teachers’ Mental Health: A study exploring the experiences of teachers with work-related stress and mental health problems. www.nasuwt.org.ukwww.nasuwt.org.uk NASUWT (2011) Managing your mental health and well-being. www.nasuwt.org.ukwww.nasuwt.org.uk Reijneveld, S., Brugman, E., Verhulst, F., Verloove-Vanhorick, S. (2005) Area deprivation and child psychosocial problems, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Vol. 40(1), pp. 18- 23.

27. References Royal College of Psychiatrists (2012) Schizophrenia: key facts. http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mentalhealthinfoforall/problems/schizophrenia/schizophrenia.aspx Schaubman, A., Stetson, E. and Plog, A. (2011) Reducing teacher stress by implementing collaborative problem solving in a school setting, School Social Work Journal, Vol. 35(2), pp. 72- 93. Scholes, B. and Martin, C.R. (2010) Could repressive coping be a mediating factor in the symptom profile of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Vol. 17(5), pp. 403-410. Scottish Government (2009) Towards a Mentally Flourishing Scotland: Policy and Action Plan (2009-2011). www.scotland.gov.uk www.scotland.gov.uk Simm, R., Roen, K. and Daiches, A. (2008) Educational professionals’ experiences of self-harm in primary school children: ‘You don’t really believe, unless you see it’ Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 34(2), pp. 253–269.

28. References Smith, H. (2008) Mental health in school-aged children. British Journal of School Nursing. Vol. 03 (6), pp. 285-286. Spratt, J., Shucksmith, J., Philip, K., Watson, K. (2006) Inter-professional support of mental wellbeing in schools: A Bourdieuan perspective, Journal of Inter-professional Care, Vol. 20(4), pp. 391-402. Stock-Whitaker, D. (1985) Using Groups to Help people, London: Routledge Weare, K. (2002) Work with young people is leading the way in the new paradigm for mental health, International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, Vol. 4(4), pp. 55-58. Yalom, I.D. (1985) The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (4th Ed.). Basic Books.

29. Questions and Discussion colin.martin@bucks.ac.uk mick.fleming@uws.ac.uk hugh.smith@uws.ac.uk