1. Planning, Extension & Training Colonial/ early post independence approach: forbid cultivation on slopes > xforbid cultivation on slopes > x forbid cultivation on land < y from watercourseforbid cultivation on land < y from watercourse engineering works mandatory before new cropengineering works mandatory before new crop Now, persuasion, farming systems approach (conservation farming), participatory more emphasis on integrated approachmore emphasis on integrated approach simple methods that farmers can establish/maintain themselvessimple methods that farmers can establish/maintain themselves

2. provide aid for extending good traditional farming systemsprovide aid for extending good traditional farming systems train extension stafftrain extension staff SWC must be seen to benefit farmer in short termSWC must be seen to benefit farmer in short term greater emphasis on PRA, PRP, farmers define problem & identify solutions together with techniciansgreater emphasis on PRA, PRP, farmers define problem & identify solutions together with technicians Technicians need to be socially and economically aware. No good suggesting things that are unworkable. Solutions must be socially & politically acceptable; must be economically feasible & viable

3. Major "problem" with modern approaches are: slowslow may require a great degree of "social engineering" firstmay require a great degree of "social engineering" first often emphasise vegetative techniques which may conserve soil but not wateroften emphasise vegetative techniques which may conserve soil but not water often devised by people with only superficial understanding of erosion processesoften devised by people with only superficial understanding of erosion processes

4. Demonstration plots need to ensure labour inputs are similar to those of farmer; even a demonstration of greater yields will not convince if labour need much greater.need to ensure labour inputs are similar to those of farmer; even a demonstration of greater yields will not convince if labour need much greater.