1. Drug Abuse

2. Objectives Legal vs. Illegal Legal vs. Illegal Reasons for Starting Reasons for Starting Dependence Dependence Short and Long term effects Short and Long term effects Types of drugs and signs of abuse Types of drugs and signs of abuse Drug withdrawal and programs Drug withdrawal and programs Legal Consequences Legal Consequences

3. Definitions Drugs-a chemical that changes the body that can be swallowed, inhaled, injected or applied to the skin Drugs-a chemical that changes the body that can be swallowed, inhaled, injected or applied to the skin Drug abuse-use of a drug for other than medical reason, for mental escape. Drug abuse-use of a drug for other than medical reason, for mental escape. Synthetic Drug-made in a lab Synthetic Drug-made in a lab FDA-government agency that regulates the sale of drugs FDA-government agency that regulates the sale of drugs Legal drugs- useful enough to be available for sale, designed to treat medical problems Legal drugs- useful enough to be available for sale, designed to treat medical problems Over the counter Over the counter Prescription Prescription Overdose- too much of a drug Overdose- too much of a drug Illegal drug harmful drugs not for sale, grown or created from chemicals Illegal drug harmful drugs not for sale, grown or created from chemicals

4. Why Start? If you ask 10 different people you will get 10 different answers…but the top answers are If you ask 10 different people you will get 10 different answers…but the top answers are Peer Pressure Peer Pressure To forget problems To forget problems Seek a thrill Seek a thrill Family problems Family problems poverty poverty

5. Effects of Drugs Chief Effect-the physical or mental change Chief Effect-the physical or mental change Side Effect- bad reaction Side Effect- bad reaction Habit forming Habit forming Birth defect Birth defect Effect can vary from person to person Effect can vary from person to person Dependence- “addiction” psychological or physical. Must have to function Dependence- “addiction” psychological or physical. Must have to function

6. Stages of Drug Abuse 1. Experimental-curious about effect (expects to try 1 or 2 times, then quit) 2. Occasional use- social events. Peer approval or disapproval 3. Regular Use-used to feel the effect, psychological dependence. Drug interferes with normal activity. 4. Addiction-Must have drugs. Discomfort with withdrawal. Will steal money to support habit

7. Withdrawal Symptoms Nervousness Nervousness Irritability Irritability Sudden mood changes Sudden mood changes Nausea Nausea Vomiting Vomiting Sweating Sweating Hallucinate Hallucinate

8. Types of Drugs I.Stimulants- speed-up body processes, increase heart rate, b.p., rate of breathing 1. Amphetamines-strong stimulant, used for sleep disorders, eating habits, hyperactivity A.Speed-pills, powder, shots B. Uppers Cocaine is an upper

9. Stimulants Effects Effects Euphoria-feeling of Great Happiness Euphoria-feeling of Great Happiness Short Lived Short Lived Crash Crash Causes Causes Psychological Dependence Psychological Dependence Depression Depression Mental illness Mental illness Nervous Aggression Nervous Aggression Seizures Seizures Coma Coma Death Death

10. Depressants Slows down body processes Slows down body processes Low Blood Pressure, body temp., heart rate Low Blood Pressure, body temp., heart rate Used to calm people down. Used to calm people down.

11. Types of Depressants Barbiturates-very strong, helps people relax Barbiturates-very strong, helps people relax “Downers” “Downers” Effects vary…stagger, slur speech, blur vision, cannot sleep without, psychological and physical dependence Effects vary…stagger, slur speech, blur vision, cannot sleep without, psychological and physical dependence Tranquilizers-slows down nerve activity, relaxes muscle tension, causes drowsiness Tranquilizers-slows down nerve activity, relaxes muscle tension, causes drowsiness

12. Hallucinogens See hear feel things that do not exist. See hear feel things that do not exist. LSD- “acid” LSD- “acid” PCP- animal anesthetic “Angel Dust” PCP- animal anesthetic “Angel Dust” Peyote-cactus that grows in S. West and Mexico effects are like Acid Peyote-cactus that grows in S. West and Mexico effects are like Acid

13. Marijuana Comes from Indian Hemp Plant Comes from Indian Hemp Plant Is a stimulant, depressant, hallucinogen Is a stimulant, depressant, hallucinogen Effects Effects Can cause lung damage Can cause lung damage Light headed and giddy Light headed and giddy Friendly and peaceful Friendly and peaceful Silent and withdrawn Silent and withdrawn Blood shot eyes Blood shot eyes Dry mouth Dry mouth Hunger Hunger Memory and learning is effected Memory and learning is effected Reduced sperm production Reduced sperm production

14. Hashish Purified Marijuana-stronger and can be smoked, chewed or drunk Purified Marijuana-stronger and can be smoked, chewed or drunk

15. Narcotics Come from opium poppy Come from opium poppy Causes sleepiness Causes sleepiness Both psychological and physically addicting Both psychological and physically addicting Codeine-weak pain killer Codeine-weak pain killer Opium- Opium- Morphine-very strong pain killer Morphine-very strong pain killer Herion-made from morphine, 2-3 times stronger Herion-made from morphine, 2-3 times stronger Can be inhaled, smoked or injected Can be inhaled, smoked or injected

16. Addiction to heroin After 2 weeks of Daily use After 2 weeks of Daily use Take to avoid withdrawal symptoms Take to avoid withdrawal symptoms 12-16 hours after use 12-16 hours after use Sweating, shakes, chills, nausea, diarrhea, cramps. Sweating, shakes, chills, nausea, diarrhea, cramps.

17. Inhalants Over the counter-legal Over the counter-legal Household products Household products Can be very dangerous and psychological Addicting Can be very dangerous and psychological Addicting Exp. Exp. Nail polish, glue, paint thinner, dry cleaning fluids, gasoline, glues, rubber cement spray paint, lighter fluid Nail polish, glue, paint thinner, dry cleaning fluids, gasoline, glues, rubber cement spray paint, lighter fluid Effects-15 min to hour Effects-15 min to hour Dizziness, loss of muscle control, slurred speech, blurred vision, depression seizures, death Dizziness, loss of muscle control, slurred speech, blurred vision, depression seizures, death

18. Steroids Used for physical effects Used for physical effects Many different kinds, but they are a generic form of male sex hormone testosterone Many different kinds, but they are a generic form of male sex hormone testosterone Long term effects still under study Long term effects still under study added risk of contracting or transmitting HIV/AIDS or hepatitis, which causes serious damage to the liver. added risk of contracting or transmitting HIV/AIDS or hepatitis, which causes serious damage to the liver. Short term effects include Short term effects include For men - shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count, infertility, baldness, development of breasts, increased risk for prostate cancer. For men - shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count, infertility, baldness, development of breasts, increased risk for prostate cancer. For women - growth of facial hair, male-pattern baldness, changes in or cessation of the menstrual cycle, enlargement of the clitoris, deepened voice. For women - growth of facial hair, male-pattern baldness, changes in or cessation of the menstrual cycle, enlargement of the clitoris, deepened voice.

19. Living Drug Free Contrary to popular belief…most Americans are against illegal drugs. Contrary to popular belief…most Americans are against illegal drugs. 58 percent of high school students have never tried marijuana and more than 90 percent have never tried cocaine. 58 percent of high school students have never tried marijuana and more than 90 percent have never tried cocaine.

20. Commitment to be Drug Free Make a firm and deliberate decision Make a firm and deliberate decision The only way to avoid pitfalls is to be fully committed to refusing them before they become an issue The only way to avoid pitfalls is to be fully committed to refusing them before they become an issue Refusal skills- learn to say no! Refusal skills- learn to say no!

21. Getting Help Outpatient Drug Free Treatment-programs usually do not include medications and often consist of individual or group counseling Outpatient Drug Free Treatment-programs usually do not include medications and often consist of individual or group counseling Short Term- include residential, medication, and outpatient treatment Short Term- include residential, medication, and outpatient treatment Maintenance Therapy-for heroin addicts this treatment usually includes medication Maintenance Therapy-for heroin addicts this treatment usually includes medication Therapeutic Communities-These are residences for people with a long history of drug abuse. Includes highly structured programs that usually last from 6-12 months Therapeutic Communities-These are residences for people with a long history of drug abuse. Includes highly structured programs that usually last from 6-12 months

22. Community Efforts Drug free school zones-areas w/in 1000 ft of schools and drug trafficking is punished more severely Drug free school zones-areas w/in 1000 ft of schools and drug trafficking is punished more severely Drug watches- organized community efforts by neighborhood residents to patrol, monitor, report, and otherwise try to stop drug deals and abuse. Drug watches- organized community efforts by neighborhood residents to patrol, monitor, report, and otherwise try to stop drug deals and abuse.