1. AS Level – Week 17 Theory Module 1 Forms of Guidance

2. In order to help the learner gain a clear understanding of the skill to be attempted and then actually improve their performance, guidance is used to develop movement patterns and reduce the number of errors made. The form of guidance depends on the situation, nature of the task and the ability of the performer. The four main types of guidance are: VisualVisual VerbalVerbal ManualManual MechanicalMechanical

3. Visual Guidance Visual guidance involves the performer attempting to create a mental picture of the skill by observing a demonstration, video, pictures or slides. Visual guidance could also be guidance using cones, markings on the floor, hoops or defined target areas. Table To optimise the use of visual guidance, the following factors should be considered: Demonstrations must be accurate.Demonstrations must be accurate. All information must be relevant to the age and ability of the performer.All information must be relevant to the age and ability of the performer. Use appropriate verbal guidance to focus on key points.Use appropriate verbal guidance to focus on key points. The model/demonstrator must be significant to the performer.The model/demonstrator must be significant to the performer.

4. Verbal Guidance Verbal guidance involves explaining the motor skill to be performed, either to understand the requirements or to provide feedback. The information may be general or specific in nature depending on the ability level of the performer. The information may be used to outline the technique of a specific skill or the strategy for a particular game. Table

5. To optimise the use of verbal guidance, the following factors should be considered: Information must be clear and accurate with everyone being able to hear the instructions.Information must be clear and accurate with everyone being able to hear the instructions. Limiting the amount information provided.Limiting the amount information provided. Language and terminology must be relevant to the age group.Language and terminology must be relevant to the age group. Use in conjunction with visual guidance to highlight key pointsUse in conjunction with visual guidance to highlight key points Use immediately after performance (unless combined with video footage)Use immediately after performance (unless combined with video footage)

6. Manual Guidance Manual guidance involves the performer being physically placed, forced or supported into the correct positions. Example, a gymnast being supported or a coach holding the batsman’s arm and guiding through a cricket shot. Table To optimise the use of manual guidance, the following factors should be considered: Avoid overuse; allow the performer to develop their own kinaesthetic awareness.Avoid overuse; allow the performer to develop their own kinaesthetic awareness. Combine with verbal guidance to focus on key points.Combine with verbal guidance to focus on key points. Ensure movement pattern is correct.Ensure movement pattern is correct.

7. Mechanical Guidance Mechanical guidance is similar in nature to manual guidance but involves the use of some form of device for support. Examples, swimming floats, a trampolining belt harness or any form of apparatus that restricts movement to ensure the correct pattern is followed. The advantages, disadvantages and methods to optimise its use are similar to those outlined for manual guidance.

8. Task Outline the forms of guidance you would use to introduce the skills listed below to a group of novice performers. Justify your reasons and give practical examples to illustrate your answer. Gymnastics vaultGymnastics vault Swimming – front crawlSwimming – front crawl High jumpHigh jump Forehand tennis shotForehand tennis shot Set plays in BasketballSet plays in Basketball