1. LONDON
London is the capital of Great Britain.

2. LONDON
London is one of the most interesting places in the world. London is the biggest city in Britain. More than seven million people live and work there. London is one of the most important cities in the world. It’s a centre for business and for tourism. In London you can find some of the best theatres, cinemas, museums, beautiful old churches and many shops. There are about 10 thousand streets in London. Oxford Street is London’s main shopping centre. People from all over the world shop in Oxford Street. You can find many old and new beautiful parks in the city. The largest park in London is Hyde Park. It is one of the most popular places of Londoners on hot summer days.

3. The foundation of London
The Romans went to England many, many years ago.
They built a town on the River Thames. The name of the
town was Londinium. The Romans built Londinium
near the river. The place for the town was very good.
Soon a bridge over the River Thames was built. Londinium
got bigger and bigger. The Romans built a lot of roads from Londinium to other parts of Britain.
By the year 400, there were 50 thousand people in Londinium. Soon after 400, the Romans left Britain.
The River Thames has always been part of
London’s history. In Roman times Londinium was a small town
with the Thames in its center. Now London is a very large city
but the River Thames is still in the center of London.
Until 1749, there was only one bridge over the river: London Bridge.
The old London Bridge looked very strange. There were houses and
shops on it. In the 19th century there were already many new bridges
in London. Now there are more than 20 bridges over the Thames.

4. The foundation of London
It’s interesting to know…
…that London is in fact three cities: the City of London, the East End and the West End.
…that London stands on the River Thames. There are 27 bridges over the Thames in London and 8 tunnels under the river.
…that London is 46 kilometres from north to south and 58 kilometres from east to west.
…that London has got more than 7 million people and that’s 13% of Britain’s population.

5. The foundation of London
True, false or don’t know?
There are more than 40 bridges over the Thames now.
There were 5 bridges over the Thames in Roman times.
The Romans came to England in the 11th century.
Londinium was a very beautiful town in old times.
The Romans built roads in England.
Londinium is the old name of London.
There were many museums on London Bridge in 1749.
Read the beginning of the sentence in section A and find the end of it in section B.
There are in fact 3 cities in London: …the River Thames.
London stands on …over the River Thames.
There are 27 bridges …live in London.
More than 7 million people …under the River Thames.
There are 8 tunnels …the City, the East End, the West End.
London is 46 kilometres … from east to west.
London is 58 kilometres …from north to south.

6. Some facts from the history of London.
At the beginning of the 11th century England was already a big country and London was a very important city. In 1066 William the Conqueror (Вильгельм Завоеватель) and his people came to England from Normandy, France.
William the Conqueror became King
of England. He chose London as the
main city and lived in it. It is known that
William was afraid of the English people
and he built the White Tower to live in it.
Now it is one of the most important and
beautiful buildings of the Tower of London.
As it is very famous, many people visit it
every year.
All Kings and Queens of England lived in London. It became the biggest city in England. By 1600 there were more than people in London.

7. Some facts from the history of London.
In 15th century houses were usually built of wood, and they were often near one another. Sometimes there were fires in the cities, London was not an exception. Then came 1666, the year of the Great Fire of London. On Saturday, 2nd September 1666 there was a strong wind from the river and a big fire began. It started in the house of the king’s baker, near London Bridge. The baker’s wife woke up in the middle of the night because the house was on fire. Soon the neighbouring house started burning and then the next and the next… The fire burnt until Thursday. Many houses in London were burnt. It lasted for four days and destroyed 80% of the city. More than 250 thousand people didn’t have home any more. After the Great Fire Londoners built a new city. It became lager and larger. By 1830 there were more than one and a half million people in the city.

8. Some facts from the history of London.
Answer the following questions.
When did England become a great country?
Where did William the Conqueror come from?
Where did William the Conqueror live when he was King?
What is the White Tower?
How many people lived in London by 1600? By 1830?
Where and when did the Great Fire of London start?
Tell about:
Londinium;
William the Conqueror;
The Great Fire of London.
Find the things which are wrong, then correct them.
The Fire of London.
In October 1796 there was a fire in the old city of London. The fire started in a house on London Bridge. The weather was fine that day, there were few houses on London Bridge, and that’s why only four houses were burnt, The fire started on Thursday and was over on Friday. The Londoners built a new city after the Fire.

9. Westminster.
Westminster is an area of Central London, within the City of Westminster,it’s a political center of London. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames, southwest of the City of London. It has a large concentration of London's historic places and visitor attractions, including Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey and much of the West End of London.
Historically a part of Middlesex, the name Westminster was the ancient description for the area around Westminster Abbey–the monastery church, that gave the area its name–which had been the seat of the government of England for almost a thousand years. Since its construction in the mid-19th century, Westminster has been location of the Palace of Westminster which
houses the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

10. Westminster.
The name Westminster was historically used to describe the area around Westminster Abbey–the West Minster(монастырская церковь), or monastery church, that gave the area its name. The name is also used for the larger City of Westminster which covers a wider geographical area.
The historic core of Westminster is the former Thorney Island on which Westminster Abbey was built. The Abbey became the traditional venue (место проведения) of the coronation of the kings of England. The nearby Palace of Wesminster came to be the principal royal residence in 1066, and later housed the developing Parliament and law courts of England.
Westminster in 1593.

11. Westminster. Downing street
Downing Street is the street in London, England, which for over two
hundred years has contained the official residences of two of the most
senior British cabinet ministers: the First Lord of the Treasury
(Первый Лорд казначейства), an office held by the Prime Minister
of the United Kingdom, and the Second Lord of the Treasury, an office
held by the Chancellor of the Exchequer (Канцлер Казначейства/Министр
финансов Великобритании). The most famous address in Downing Street
is 10 Downing Street, the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury
—and thus, in modern times, the residence of the Prime Minister.
Number 11 is the official residence of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Downing Street is located in Whitehall in central London,a few minutes' walk
from the Houses of Parliament and near Buckingham Palace. The street was built
in the 1680s by Sir George Downing (1632–1689). The Prime Minister, the Chancellor
of the Exchequer officially live in houses on one
side of the street. The houses on the other side
were all replaced by the Foreign Office in the
nineteenth century.

12. Westminster. Buckingham palace
Buckingham Palace is a giant house owned by the British royal family. Buckingham Palace was built by the Duke of Buckingham and Normandy in It is situated in the centre of London, England.
It was bought by the British royal family in 1761 and became the official London home of the family in 1837.

13. Westminster. Buckingham palace
Buckingham Palace has 775 rooms and is
one of few working palaces in the world.
In front of the Buckingham Palace there is the
royal Guard. They aren't allowed to move.
The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace. It is a wonderful building with a monument in front of it which is the Queen Victoria Memorial. It takes people 20 minutes to get from Buckingham Palace to Trafalgar Square, the centre of London.

14. Look, read, remember! - the Westminster the Houses of Parliament
Whitehall the Thames
Trafalgar Square the Speaker’s Corner
Downing Street the Queen Victoria Memorial
Big Ben
Parliament Square
Westminster Bridge
Westminster Abbey
Buckingham Palace

15. London Tour
There are so many other places to see and visit in London, but you can’t do all during short trip.
The Houses of
Parliament
Tower Bridge
Big Ben

16. London Tour Trafalgar Square the Museum of Sherlock Holmes
the British Museum