1. © Nokia Siemens Networks1 ECOC 2010 Agile Networks 2.0 - Choices and Tradeoffs Željko Bulut Product Line Manager, Optical Networks

2. © Nokia Siemens Networks2 ECOC 2010 New Optical Infrastructure …. … for the New Decade Revenue per user decreasing, while traffic is increasing exponentially 2. User Expectations  High quality of service  Instantaneous data access  Mobility and portability  Low/unnoticeable latency  Flat rates and free devices  Free unlimited storage 3. Service Providers  Face fierce competition and macro economic uncertainty  Need solutions to the decreasing ARPU/MB  Need more efficient and scalable network infrastructure  Need added network intelligence in all layers 1. New Applications  Bandwidth hungry, real-time, interactive, asymmetric  Big increase in mobile apps  Flat-rate models open flood gates for traffic  Traffic is explosive and unpredictable  Users rapidly adopting new products and services

3. © Nokia Siemens Networks3 ECOC 2010 Increasing network traffic … … driver for 40G/100G in Core and Metro 10G 40G 100G network bandwidth growth of 50-100% per year HDTV download speed 60Mbps Online gaming 2-20Mbps bidirectional Data centers drive aggregation of 10G servers and clients 0.4-1T Super Hi-Vision (UHDTV) with 16x pixel resolution of HDTV, 500 Mbps VOD, VoIP, Streaming, Data Storage

4. R 255 G 211 B 8 R 255 G 175 B 0 R 127 G 16 B 162 R 163 G 166 B 173 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 234 G 234 B 234 R 175 G 0 B 51 R 0 G 0 B 0 R 255 G 255 B 255 Supporting colors: R 52 G 195 B 51 Primary colors: © Nokia Siemens Networks4 ECOC 2010 Agile Networks 1.0 … … challenges of the last decade  Optical Layer proved to be much bigger challenge than anticipated – most of the early focus was on the control plane  Lack of the economical wavelength switching technology – we built the roads and cars but forgot to build the car engine – inadequate wavelength blockers and PLC based ROADM’s were deployed with WSS catching up …  Lack of investment in core optical technology following the Internet bubble burst – number of promising startups with viable technology vanished  Workflow processes including service planning, ordering, procurement and installation, remained largely under automated leading to OPEX challenges and resulting in long service provisioning times  Restoration and protection services were never implemented and deployed in significant way – protection was realized at Layer 3 which is inadequate and arguably more expensive  Lack of sophisticated multilayer optimization tools leading to overdesigned and inefficient networks – network congestions fixed with brute force by adding more router capacity and point to point DWDM pipes

5. © Nokia Siemens Networks5 ECOC 2010 Agile Network and Control Plane Functions Control Plane Data Plane Management Plane Dynamic Provisioning 5. Signaling for Connection Provisioning (RSVP-TE) 4. Routing (Path Calculation, CSPF) Network Resilience 6. Distributed Recovery 7. Fault Localization Inventory and Resource Management 1. Neighbor Discovery (LMP) 2. Global Topology Discovery (OSPF-TE) GMPLS Protocols: 1: LMP 2: OSPF-TE 3: UNI, RSPV-TE 4: CSPF 5: RSPV-TE 6: all 7: LMP UNI E-NNI 3. Setup Request (UNI Signaling, NMS Trigger)

6. © Nokia Siemens Networks6 ECOC 2010 Multi-Layer Network Optimization WWW, P2P, IPTV E-LAN/E-Line, leased line etc. flexible optical transport services L3/IP L2/OTN L1/Optical Multi-Layer Optimization offers TCO reduction and network efficiency Services are optimally groomed, aggregated, switched and routed, by multi-layer optimization tools Minimization of intermediate routing to bypass routers On demand OTN and/or DWDM services across the network and domains

7. © Nokia Siemens Networks7 ECOC 2010 Optical Transport Platform - Data Plane check list OTN/MPLS Switch ODUk/Packet scalable Line System DCM Free Automation, Supervision Transients Handling Multidegre Tunable ROADM scalable future proof Transponders 40/100G DP-QPSK deployed as flexible resource pools classical interworking colored interworking today future

8. © Nokia Siemens Networks8 ECOC 2010 High-Level ROADM Requirements 1 Multidegree ROADM N = 8-16 for Metro N = 6-8 for Long Haul 10 Tb capacity per fiber Flexible bandwidth allocation 65-100% add/drop In-service growth to N – no forklift Future proof express path High level of integration Advanced Automation Supervision and Monitoring Degree CDC Transponder Pools 3 N-1N 4 2 Transponder Pools 10G/40G/100G Colorless Directionless Contentionless

9. © Nokia Siemens Networks9 ECOC 2010 Less of everything … do we have a naming issue? Colorless Colorless Directionless Colorless Directionless Contentionless Transponder permanently connected to an add/drop port but can be remotely tuned to any wavelength However transponder can only carry traffic in one predetermined direction and that cannot be changed remotely without on site internvention Transponder permanently connected to an add/drop port but can be remotely tuned to any wavelength and any direction However only one wavelength per an add/drop tree can be used at the time leading to wavelength blocking, also referred to as wavelength contention Transponder permanently connected to an add/drop port but can be remotely tuned to any wavelength and any direction Up to N wavelengths can be repeated per an add/drop tree eliminating the wavelength contention Degree #4 Degree #2 Degree #1 Degree #5 Degree #3 add/drop Transponder Bank Degree #4 Degree #2 Degree #1 Degree #5 Degree #3 add/drop Transponder Bank Degree #4 Degree #2 Degree #1 Degree #5 Degree #3 add/drop Transponder Bank

10. R 255 G 211 B 8 R 255 G 175 B 0 R 127 G 16 B 162 R 163 G 166 B 173 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 234 G 234 B 234 R 175 G 0 B 51 R 0 G 0 B 0 R 255 G 255 B 255 Supporting colors: R 52 G 195 B 51 Primary colors: © Nokia Siemens Networks10 ECOC 2010 Good ROADM Recipe … … shake well!!! Wavelength Selective Switches MEMS, LC, LCoS, PLZT, etc. 1xn and mxn portcount Both 100GHz and 50GHz Flexible spectrum - Flexigrid Integrated WSS/AWG/MC Switch Integrated Power Monitoring Other technologies PLC technology - PIC AWG Tunable Filters/FBG EDFA Arrays VOA Arrays Switches Multicast Switches Splitters/Combiners Coherent Rx Application Optimized ROADM Fiber Optic Switches MEMS, Piezo, Robotic, etc. Switch fabrics MxN Large form factor Standalone switching platforms Offered also as OEM solutions Some are modularized

11. © Nokia Siemens Networks11 ECOC 2010 40G/100G modulation schemes … established in the marketplace 0  DQPSK 3/2  1/2  DP-QPSK 40G Transponders improved CD/PMD tolerance If RZ, then improved OSNR sensitivity, but reduced nonlinear tolerance compared to DPSK higher component cost new generation 40G/100G Transponders superior CD/PMD tolerance OSNR sensitivity even better than for RZ-DQPSK because of coherent detection low cost 10G components 40G Transponders OOK vs. DPSK: Symbol separation factor 2 better  3dB better receiver sensitivity add PMDC card where necessary 0  DPSK

12. R 255 G 211 B 8 R 255 G 175 B 0 R 127 G 16 B 162 R 163 G 166 B 173 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 234 G 234 B 234 R 175 G 0 B 51 R 0 G 0 B 0 R 255 G 255 B 255 Supporting colors: R 52 G 195 B 51 Primary colors: © Nokia Siemens Networks12 ECOC 2010 Looking ahead … Scaling beyond DP-QPSK modulation to more dense formats 100G 300G 200G

13. © Nokia Siemens Networks13 ECOC 2010 FlexiGrid - Enhanced spectral occupancy 1Tb/s 4 x 300+ Gb/s CP-16QAM over 200GHz Higher spectral utilization 100 Gb/s 1 x 120+ Gb/s DP-QPSK over 50GHz Lower spectral utilization TodayFuture Flexible Spectrum Allocation Base technologies: ■LCOS WSS technology ■High-speed digital signal processing ■Advanced coding, possibly OFDM ■High-speed ADC/DAC

14. © Nokia Siemens Networks14 ECOC 2010 Capacity Enhancements in DWDM Networks … 1569.59 1568.771531.52 1531.12 1530.33, nm 1569.181568.36 1530.72 Legacy networks as deployed today: 50 GHz, fixed grid R 255 G 211 B 8 R 255 G 175 B 0 R 127 G 16 B 162 R 163 G 166 B 173 R 137 G 146 B 155 R 175 G 0 B 51 R 52 G 195 B 51 R 0 G 0 B 0 R 255 G 255 B 255 Primary colours:Supporting colours: 40G 10G 100G 50GHz Spectral occupancy 1T … 50GHz 200GHz 1569.59 1568.77 1531.12 1530.33, nm 1569.181568.36 1530.72 1531.52 100G 400G 1T 200G 100GHz Spectral occupancy 50GHz Future networks: 50-200 GHz, flexible grid

15. R 255 G 211 B 8 R 255 G 175 B 0 R 127 G 16 B 162 R 163 G 166 B 173 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 234 G 234 B 234 R 175 G 0 B 51 R 0 G 0 B 0 R 255 G 255 B 255 Supporting colors: R 52 G 195 B 51 Primary colors: © Nokia Siemens Networks15 ECOC 2010 Metro DWDM Point-to-Point, Rings, MSTP initially PLC based, lately WSS based Most 40x10G only Limited Control and Management plane feature set Long-Haul DWDM Blocker and PLC based ROADMs Followed with 50GHz WSS Limited Nodal Degree – 4 or less Expensive due to high insertion losses (DCM, splitters/combiners, AWG) Not optimized for 40G/100G Limited Control and Management Plane implementation 2000-2010 Agile Networks 1.0 2010 – 2020 Agile Networks 2.0 Agile Networks 2.0 – what’s next? Metro/Regional/Long-Haul DWDM Large Scale Photonic Switching (8-16 fiber degrees) Colorless/Directionless/Contentionless ROADMs with support for the next modulation format for 400G/1000G Full implementation of the control and management plane – integration of the engineering and planning function to support multilayer service optimization and virtualization ODU/MPLS Switching (scalable in ULH to 20+ Tbps) with the integrated ODU/MPLS Switching/Control Plane

16. © Nokia Siemens Networks16 ECOC 2010 Thank you