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1 Free Enterprise System Consumer Roles in the US & Global Economy.

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Presentation on theme: "1 Free Enterprise System Consumer Roles in the US & Global Economy."— Presentation transcript:

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2 1 Free Enterprise System Consumer Roles in the US & Global Economy

3 2 Consumer Roles in Economy Personal Economic Analysis - The study of the roles people play in an economic system. Citizen Worker/Employee Consumer

4 3 Economics Today Economics The study of the process that involves making choices as people try to satisfy their needs and wants

5 4 Needs and Wants Write down at least 10 things you would like to buy within the next month.

6 5 Economics Today Wants and needs are met by obtaining goods and services Goods – are tangible, can be seen/touched Services – are intangible, cannot be seen/touched

7 6 Economics Today Scarcity – the lack of something that satisfies a want or need (unlimited wants and needs in a world with limited resources) Because of scarcity we must make choices, which lead to opportunity costs

8 7 Economics Today Unintended Effects - Things don’t always go as planned Opportunity Costs - The cost of an alternative that must be forgone in order to pursue something else Examples

9 8 Opportunity Cost What is given up to do something different. Save my money or go on vacation?

10 9 Mr. Walton just gave the class $1000 to spend on only ONE thing. What are we going to buy? Discuss scarcity, choice, and opportunity costs related to this decision Economics Today

11 10 Economic Growth Personal Income Consumer Price Index Gross Domestic Product Inflation Unemployment Rate Economic Growth is measured by:

12 11 Gross Domestic Product Consumer Spending + Government Spending + Business Investment +Foreign Trade =GDP The total value of all final goods and services in an economy

13 12 Inflation Inflation - When Prices Increase A dollar cannot buy as much as it used to

14 13 Inflation What can cause an increase in prices? Change in interest rates Surging economy

15 14 Inflation Who is Hurt by Inflation? Who is Helped by Inflation?

16 15 A retired person who lives on fixed interest from bank certificates of deposit (CDs) Helped or Hurt?

17 16 A family that bought a house and has a fixed interest rate mortgage Helped or Hurt?

18 17 A retired teacher whose income comes from a fixed pension? Helped or Hurt?

19 18 A two income family. The wife is a medical doctor and the husband is a financial analyst? Helped or Hurt?

20 19 Government & the Economy

21 20 Labor Force – over 16, willing and able to work Underemployment - Job requires less skills than you have; working part-time instead of full-time Unemployment – over 16, not working, but actively seeking Employment

22 21 How well are we doing? Unemployment

23 22 The Business Cycle Prosperity/Peak – The high point of a business cycle Recession/Contraction – Economy is in a period of decline Depression/Trough – The lowest point of a business cycle Recovery/Expansion – A rise in business activity after a recession or depression

24 23 Our Free Enterprise System The Business Cycle prosperity recession depression recovery years ---->>

25 24 Our Free Enterprise System prosperity What conditions would exist in an economy if there was: Prosperity/Peak High employment High demand for goods and services Businesses producing as many goods and services as they can

26 25 Our Free Enterprise System prosperity What conditions would exist in an economy if there was: Recession/Contraction Spending falls Fewer goods and services demanded Unemployment rises

27 26 Our Free Enterprise System prosperity What conditions would exist in an economy if there was: Depression/Trough High unemployment Low productivity

28 27 Our Free Enterprise System prosperity What conditions would exist in an economy if there was: Recovery/Expansion Production starts to increase Unemployment decreases GDP grows

29 28 Four Factors of Production LAND LABOR CAPITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

30 Four Factors of Production Land – all natural resources, minerals, and other raw materials (land, water, vegetation, animal life, atmosphere) 29

31 Four Factors of Production Labor – the effort that a person devotes to a task for which they are paid 30

32 31 Capital Physical capital Human capital Liquid capital Four Factors of Production

33 Physical capital – human- made resources used to produce other goods and services (equipment, tools, machinery, technology, buildings, factories) 32

34 Four Factors of Production Human capital – knowledge and skills a worker gains through education and experience (college degree, training, on-the-job experiences) 33

35 Four Factors of Production Liquid capital – Cash or money that can be used to purchase needed factors of production 34

36 Four Factors of Production Entrepreneurship – The people who organize land, labor, and capital to make goods and services; and assumes risk for the business 35

37 36

38 Global Economy Imports – goods coming in from another country Exports – goods going out to another country Outsourcing – building/making something overseas Tariffs – tax on imported/exported goods 37

39 38 Global Economy Does what’s happening in the rest of world effect the US? What if we didn’t export or import? Why is this international trade so important? Which countries are the most economically stable?

40 39 Global Economy Have computers changed the way business is done?

41 40 The Economic Policy of Supply & Demand

42 41 Quantity Supplied Supply - The number of products a business is WILLING & ABLE to sell at a specific price

43 42 Law of Supply Amount businesses are willing & able to produce at all prices As P S

44 43 What changes Supply? # of Sellers/Competition Price of Factors of Production Price of Related Goods Price of Substitutes Government Policy Natural Disaster

45 44 Quantity Demanded Demand - The number of products a consumer is WILLING & ABLE to buy at a specific price

46 45 Law of Demand Amount consumers are willing & able to buy at all prices As P D

47 46 What changes Demand? The # of Buyers Real Income Price of Related Goods Price of Substitutes Fads & Fashion

48 47 Price Elasticity of Demand Measure of the change in Demand as a result in the change of prices

49 48 Elastic vs. Inelastic Elastic – A large change in demand when there is a change in price Luxuries Many substitutes

50 49 Elastic vs. Inelastic Inelastic - Little or no change in demand when there is a change in price Necessities Not many substitutes

51 50 Supply and Demand Equilibrium--the number demanded of a product equals the number of sold of a product. We want the perfect situation

52 51 Equilibrium P Q D S

53 52 If there is not an equilibrium… Surplus When supply exceeds demand Shortage When demand exceeds supply

54 53 Surplus P Q D S

55 54 Shortage P Q D S

56 55 Economic Systems Traditional Economy Command Economy Market Economy

57 56 Economic Systems Traditional Economy Closed society Self sufficient/reliant Creates everything for themselves No imports/exports/trade Not worried about advancements

58 57 Economic Systems Command Economy Complete government control Government owns all resources Prices dictated Jobs dictated Manipulates supply and demand

59 58 Economic Systems Market Economy Free trade Entrepreneurship Government provides the little control that does exist Competition Supply and demand dictates market

60 59 Elements of Market Economy Profit Motive and Standard of Living

61 60 Devilonia Freedom Efficiency Growth Security Opportunity Stability Equity 7 Economic Goals

62 Freedom Consumers have a choice in the products and services they use. 61

63 Efficiency What is the best use for the available resources? 62

64 Growth Where do we want to be economically years from now? 63

65 Security Should our citizens be financially self reliant or should the government provide for them? 64

66 Opportunity Should our citizens make decisions based on their own experiences and they will find pleasure in? 65

67 Stability Is the value of our currency a concern of ours? 66


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