1. 1 Economic Decisions and Systems 1-1 Satisfying Needs and Wants
C H A P T E R 1
Economic Decisions and Systems
1-1 Satisfying Needs and Wants
1-2 Economic Choices
1-3 Economic Systems
1-4 Supply and Demand

2. 1-1 Satisfying Needs and Wants
Goals
Explain the difference between needs and wants
Distinguish between goods and services
Describe the types of economic resources

3. Needs and Wants Needs – Things that are required in order to live
Ex: Food, water, clean air, clothing, and shelter
Wants – Things that add comfort and pleasure to your life.
Ex: Name brand jeans, cell phone
You are limited only by your imagination and by what businesses make available for sale

4. Checkpoint #1 What is the main difference between a need and a want?
Needs are those things that are required to live, such as food, clothing, and shelter. Wants are things that add comfort and pleasure to our lives.

5. Goods and Services Goods – Things that you can see and touch
Products you can purchase to meet your wants and needs
Services – Activities provided for satisfaction of others that are consumed at the same time they are purchased.
Businesses must provide services to you at the time you want to consume them

6. Goods and Services for Business Consumers
Some goods and services are unique for business and consumer use
Business needs (Steel, Plastic, Gasoline, and Computers) to operate.
Electricity, security, accountants
Businesses provide goods and services that meet business and consumer needs and wants.

7. The U.S. Economy
The U.S. is the largest producer of goods and services, and largest consumers in the world,
More then (2) China and (3) Japan combined
The shift from an economy based on agriculture to an industrialized economy resulted in higher incomes and more choices of products and services for consumers.
More money to spend and more ways to spend it.

8. The U.S. Economy (Cont)
More spending = More jobs and a higher standard of living
Challenges:
Buy things may not need
Preserving natural resources
Controlling Pollution

9. Checkpoint #2 How do people satisfy wants and needs?
People satisfy there wants and needs by purchasing and consuming goods and services.

10. Economic Resources
Businesses produce good and services using economic resources
Things available to be used to produce goods and services.
Factors of Production
3 Types of Resources
Natural Resources
Human Resources
Capital Resources

11. Natural Resources Raw materials supplied by nature Vegetable Soup
Oil, Minerals, Nutrients
Rivers, Lakes, Oceans
Air you breathe
Vegetable Soup
What natural resources are used in its production?
Vegetables and Spices
Water
Aluminum

12. Human Resources The people who produce goods and services Entrepreneur
Vegetable Soup?
Farmers (Livestock and Crop)
Factory Workers / Managers
Truck Drivers
Entrepreneur
The risk taker who uses resources to create a new product or service

13. Capital Resources
The products and money used in the production of goods and services
Ex: Buildings, equipment, supplies
People invest money into businesses so the business will have the capital needed to operate.
Make money from the profits earned by the business
Selling their knowledge and skills in the form of labor

14. Checkpoint #3
What are the 3 types of economic resources? Give an example of each type of resource.
Natural: water, land, trees, animals, and minerals
Human: Labor (people who work on the farms and in factories, transport goods, provides services, or manage businesses.
Capital: Money, Land, Buildings, Tools, and Equipment.

15. 1-2 Economic Choices Goals: Describe the basic economic problem
Explain the steps in the decision making process

16. The Basic Economic Problem
The mismatch of unlimited wants and needs and the limited economic resources
The basic economic problem results from Scarcity
Not having enough resources to satisfy every need.
Countries with few natural resources may not be able to produce enough products and services

17. Choices Everyone has to make financial decisions based on scarcity.
Scarcity forces you to make choices
Decisions among the alternatives
Economic Decision-Making
The process of choosing which needs and wants will be satisfied

18. Trade Offs and Opportunity Costs
When you give up something to have something else, you are making a Trade Off
Evaluate an alternative by considering the Opportunity Cost of the decision
The value of the next best alternative that you were unable to choose.
Benefit of choice should be greater than the benefit of next best choice.

19. Checkpoint #4 What is Opportunity Cost?
The value of the next best alternative that you are unable to choose. It is what you are willing to give up in order to have your first choice.

20. The Decision-Making Process
Effective Decision-Making Process involves 6 Steps:
Define the Problem
Identify the choices
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each choice
Choose the best alternative
Act on your choice
Review your decision

21. Define the Problem Identify the Choices
For every decision the problem must be clearly defined in order to make a decision that will lead to a satisfying solution.
Identify the Choices
It is common for you to face choices with many alternatives

22. Evaluate the Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Choice
Write down your choices and then list the advantages and disadvantages of each
Choose the Best Alternative
Select the best choice that you believe will be the best for you at this particular time.

23. Act on Your Choice Review Your Decision
Once you made you decision, do whatever you have chosen
Review Your Decision
On a Scale of 1 to 10 how would you rank you decision in the terms of the level of satisfaction it provided

24. Checkpoint #5
What are the 6 Steps in the Decision-Making Process and explain them?
Define the Problem
Identify the choices
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative
Choose the best alternative
Act on your choice
Review your decision

25. 1-3 Economic Systems Goals: Identify the 3 economic questions
Differentiate among the main types of economic systems
Describe the economic system of the United States

26. The Three Economic Questions
In order to determine how available resources will be used to meet the needs and wants, each country must answer 3 economic questions:
What goods and services will be produced?
How will the goods and services be produced?
What needs and wants will be satisfied with the goods and services produced?

27. What to Produce?
The resources of a country are very important in determining what goods can be produced.
Just as countries differ in the amount of resources, also differ to be important needs and wants

28. How to Produce?
Countries must decide the best way to use their resources to produce what is needed.
The U.S. economy labor needs
Each country decides on how to use it resources to produce the goods and service it needs
Unskilled or skilled labor
Advanced or simple technology
Own resources or those it obtains from other countries

29. What Needs and Wants to Satisfy?
Decision makers must determine what needs and wants are the most critical when deciding what to produce
Capital goods or Consumer goods
In the U.S. many decisions are left for the individual consumer
Depends on how much money you have and decide how you use it or save it

30. Checkpoint #6 What are the 3 economic questions?
What goods and services will be produced?
How will the goods and services be produced?
What needs and wants will be satisfied with the goods and services?

31. Types of Economic Systems
A method a country uses to answer the 3 Economic Questions
3 Main Types of Economic Systems
Command Economy
Market Economy
Traditional Economy
Mixed Economy

32. Command Economy
The resources are owed and controlled by the government
Government officials decide what and how goods are produced and how they will be distributed and consumed
How much of the resources will be used to produce goods and services
Personal economic choices are limited in a command economy
Communism

33. Market Economy
The resources are owned and controlled by the people of the country
The 3 economic questions are answered by individuals through buying and selling of goods and services in the Market Place.
Anywhere that goods and services exchange hands
Ex: Supermarket, Internet, Business Office, Flea Market

34. Traditional Economy
Goods and Services are produced the way it always been done.
Used in countries that are less developed and not yet participating in the global economy.
Three economic questions are still established by their traditions.
Meets the basic needs of the people.

35. Mixed Economies Combines elements of the command and market economies
Most nations of the world operate a mixed economy
As many countries with traditional economies develop, they often adopt mixed Economies
Government makes many of the decisions on how resources are used.

36. Checkpoint #7
What are the main differences among the three economic systems?
The main differences between the economic systems are found in the ways in which the 3 economic questions are answered.

37. The U.S. Economic System
What is the Economic System of the United States?
Market
Another name for the U.S. Economic System is Capitalism.
Refers to the private ownership of economic resources by individuals, rather than by the government.

38. The U.S. Economic System
The economic freedom lends itself to other names often associated with the U.S. Economy.
Free Enterprise or Private Enterprise
The U.S. economic system is based on four important principles
Private Property
Freedom of Choice
Profit
Competition

39. Private Property Freedom of Choice
You can own, use, or dispose of things of value.
Freedom of Choice
You can make economic decisions independently and most accept the consequences of those decisions.

40. Profit
The money left from sales after all costs of operating a business have been paid.
Competition
The rivalry among businesses to sell their goods and services

41. Checkpoint #8
Name the four principles of which the U.S. Economic System is based?
Property
Freedom of Choice
Profit
Competition

42. 1-4 Economic Systems Goals:
Describe supply and demand orally and with graphs
Discuss how supply and demand affect prices of product and services

43. Participating in a Market Economy
Buying decisions are made by consumers – including individuals, businesses, and government
A person who buys and uses goods and services
Decide what to buy, where to buy, from whom to buy, and what price willing to pay
Successful producers must pay close attention to the needs and experiences of consumers
Individuals and organizations that determine what products and services will be available for sale.

44. Consumers Set Demand
When consumers make decisions about what they will purchase, they determine the DEMAND for goods and services.
The quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy.
A business depends on demand for their product or service in order to make a profit.

45. Producers Establish Supply
Understanding consumer demand helps businesses to determine what types and quantities of products to SUPPLY
The quantity of a good or service that businesses are willing and able to provide.

46. A Graphic View of Demand and Supply
Demand Curve – Illustrates the relationship between the price of a product or service and the quantity demanded by consumers
Supply Curve – Illustrates the relationship between the price of a product and the quantity businesses are willing to supply

47. A Graphic View of Demand and Supply

48. Checkpoint #9
How does the price of a product affect demand and supply?
As prices decrease, the number of consumers willing and able to purchase the product and the quantity they are willing to buy (demand) will increase.
As prices increase, businesses will be willing to supply larger quantities of the product.

49. Determining Price
Prices are affected by the relationship between supply and demand, plus other factors.
Factors Influencing Demand
Factors Influencing Supply
Competitors
Market Price
The point where supply and demand are equal.

50. Checkpoint #10 How is Market Price for a product determined?
Supply, demand, and competition determine the market price for a product or service.
The market price is the point at which supply and demand are equal.