1. SUPERQUIZ WORKBOOK Section IV THE END OF EMPIRE

5. LISTING 1. Name three works by Buchi Emecheta. Include the date of publication for each. (p. 108) -Head Above Water (1986) -In the Ditch (1972) -Second Class Citizen (1974)

6. LISTING 2. List three things immigrants sought in their migration to Europe (p. 108) -political asylum -safe harbor from civil turmoil -economic opportunity

7. LISTING 3. List two things which caused the Europeans to lose their empires after WWII. (p. 109) -their own weaknesses -mobilization of opposition

8. LISTING 4. List three areas that were easily granted their independence in the 1950s by France. (p. 112) -Tunisia -Morocco -West Africa

9. LISTING 5. List three things Africans in shantytowns during World War II did to earn a living. (p. 114) scavenging -craft work -menial labor for whites

10. ID

12. 4.04 FILL IN THE BLANK (pp. 109-111) 1. __________________________’s main objective during World War II was to maintain and perhaps even __________________________ the British Empire. However, the war weakened Great Britain’s hold on its colonies just as it had for every other imperial power.

13. 4.04 FILL IN THE BLANK (pp. 109-111) 2. Colonial soldiers were exposed to __________________________ from the imperialists that they wouldn’t have otherwise seen; they also improved their skills in __________________________and __________________________.

14. 4.04 FILL IN THE BLANK (pp. 109-111) 3. Forced __________________________ and forced __________________________ were especially troublesome imperialist policies to the colonized peoples during World War II. Riots were sparked by differences in pay among Indian and British __________________________. Colonized peoples prepared themselves for rebellion through __________________________ and novels.

15. 4.04 FILL IN THE BLANK (pp. 109-111) 4. Local __________________________ did profit during the war when the industrialized powers were preoccupied with war. India even developed its own __________________________ industry during the war. Other businesses like oil, steel, banking, and finance prospered as well.

16. 4.04 FILL IN THE BLANK (pp. 109-111) 5. The war left many Europeans _______________________ but was especially economically difficult for local people who often lacked basic necessities. __________________________ in the colonies certainly wasn’t a priority for the imperial powers during wartime so the colonies faced times of __________________________ and social upheaval.

17. 4.04 FILL IN THE BLANK (pp. 109-111) 6. Especially prevalent was __________________________ poverty. Rural people flocked to the cities in hopes of finding __________________________, making the situation worse.

18. 4.04 FILL IN THE BLANK (pp. 109-111) 7. At the end of World War II, open rebellion had broken out in __________________________, __________________________, __________________________, and other colonies. Actually colonial leaders assumed that the end of the empire was already at hand when the war ended. The fact was that in many places the struggle for independence was to take several __________________________.

19. DATING

21. MATCHING a. Mao Zedong b. Jiang Jieshi c. Ho Chi Minh d. Charles de Gaulle e. Winston Churchill f. Faisal _____ 1. leader of the Communists who took over China in 1949 _____ 2. had his own ‘brand of nationalist socialism’ _____ 3. his regime was unpopular within his country but was supported by the U.S.3 _____ 4. Communist leader who fought for Vietnam’s liberation from the French _____ 5. leader of the Nationalists who lost control of China when the Communists took over

22. MATCHING a. Mao Zedong b. Jiang Jieshi c. Ho Chi Minh d. Charles de Gaulle e. Winston Churchill f. Faisal _____ 6. granted independence to Algeria after his former allies turned against him _____ 7. insisted on being provided alcohol and tobacco during his meetings with royalty from Saudi Arabia _____ 8. demanded that any extraction of his country’s resources be done without British involvement _____ 9. collectivized agriculture and sought to brutally repress the privileged class once he took over in China _____ 10. King of Saudi Arabia in post World War II era _____ 11. revised the constitution where he ruled soon after taking over

23. Finish the Sentence 1. Toward the end of WWII an eminent American geologist predicted a shift in… natural resource power from the Gulf- Caribbean region to the Middle East

24. Finish the Sentence He called the oil in the Middle East the “ greatest… single prize in all history”.

25. Finish the Sentence 3. Europe needed oil from the Middle East but was in a difficult spot because of the feelings of… resentment and bitterness held against them, especially against the British.

26. Finish the Sentence 4. The Saudis were able to increase the… percentage of profits it would receive for its oil from the Western oil companies.

27. Finish the Sentence 5. The Cold War gave Middle Eastern countries the ability to manipulate the US and the USSR by… playing the superpower against one another.

28. Finish the Sentence 6. The shah of Iran demanded the same… larger percentage in profit from Western oil companies.

29. Finish the Sentence 7. In 1953 a U.S.-government backed cartel reached an… agreement with Iran’s nationalist prime minister Mohammad Mosaddeq about the exporting of oil from Iran.

30. Finish the Sentence 8. In both their dealings with the Saudis and the Iranians the British interests were hidden because… of extreme bitterness toward the British.

31. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 1. He took over as president of Egypt in 1952. 1. Who was Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser?

32. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 2. The owner of the Suez Canal in 1952. 2. What was a British-run company?

33. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 3. Egypt’s new president had this as his primary goal. 3. What was the reclaiming of the Suez Canal for Egypt?

34. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 4. This country blocked loans for the building of the Aswan High Dam. 4. What is the U.S.?

35. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 5. British Prime Minister during the struggles with Egypt over control of the Suez Canal. 5. Who was Anthony Eden?

36. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 6. The month and year when Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal. 6. When was July 1956?

37. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 7. These two nations joined Great Britain in a secret plot whereby Israel would attack Egypt, opening the door for gains in the region. 7. What were France and Israel?

38. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 8. In 1956 when Israel attacked Egypt and there was a revolt in Hungary the US was preoccupied with this. 8. What was an upcoming presidential election?

39. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 9. Britain bombed the suburbs of this Egyptian city during the Suez Crisis. 9. What was Cairo?

40. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 10. The British refused to follow a policy of appeasement with Nasser as they had before with this notorious world leader, to whom they even directly compared Nasser 10. Who was Hitler?

41. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 11. This nation threatened the British, French, and Israelis if they chose not to withdraw from the Suez Canal. 11. What was the USSR?

42. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 12. He declared U.S. refusal to intervene in the Suez Crisis to be an example of America’s independence from Europe’s colonial ambitions. 12. Who was Richard Nixon?

43. 4.08 JEOPARDY (p. 114) 13. What did the outcome of the Suez Crisis symbolize for the countries of the Middle East? 13. What is the ability of the Middle East to assert its interests and win?

44. WHO’S WHO

46. 4.10 EITHER/OR (pp. 112-123) 1. Immigrants from the former colonies to Europe were sought mostly because of a (SCARCITY, SURPLUS) of native-born (LEADERS, LABORERS).

47. 4.10 EITHER/OR (pp. 112-123) 2. Though countries like (GERMANY, AUSTRIA), who were trying to rebuild after the war, needed more laborers, Europe wasn’t prepared for such an influx of new people. Immigrants needed housing, a place in (SOCIETY, GOVERNMENT), education, civil rights, and ultimately family and human (RELATIONSHIPS, RESPONSIBILITIES).

48. 4.10 EITHER/OR (pp. 112-123) 3. Between 1947 and 1954 a (MILLION, HUNDRED THOUSAND) North Africans entered France.

49. 4.10 EITHER/OR (pp. 112-123) 4. Many immigrants looked to Europe as a land of (OPPRESSION, OPPORTUNITY), relatively good government, and (WEALTH, CITIZENSHIP). The first immigrants, male guest workers, lived together in (COTTAGE, BARRACK)-style houses. This afforded later arriving immigrants the opportunity for (SUPPORT, HOMESICKNESS) and community.

50. 4.10 EITHER/OR (pp. 112-123) 5. Many (UNDOCUMENTED, UNQUALIFIED) workers flocked to Europe because of the availability of jobs and the higher wages paid there. In an economic (DEPRESSION, DOWNTOWN) in the 1970s, Germany and France ended their immigration programs. Guest workers who didn’t want to get “stuck” in their homelands petitioned to be able to (LEAVE, STAY IN) Europe permanently for fear that they’d be sent home never to return to Europe again. Governments set up programs to (ENCOURAGE, DISCOURAGE) people to stay in their homeland, even (BEGGING, PAYING) them to do so.

51. 4.10 EITHER/OR (pp. 112-123) 6. With the (LACK, WAVES) of immigrants from the former colonies, Europeans had to start focusing on (RACE, ECONOMICS) and immigration, especially after a surging tide of new arrivals from the West Indies, India, and Pakistan met with racist riots.

52. 4.10 EITHER/OR (pp. 112-123) 7. In 1962 the (BRITISH, FRENCH) government passed laws separating the right to Commonwealth immigration from the right to citizenship. Then, (SIX, SIXTEEN) years later a series of laws limited entry even of British holders of a (PASSPORT, CITIZENSHIP CARD).

53. 4.10 EITHER/OR (pp. 112-123) 8. A growing racist sentiment was reflected by leaders like Enoch Powell, a (CONSERVATIVE, LIBERAL) leader who argued that keeping Europe “white was not only (UNNATURAL, NATURAL) but (HEALTHY, UNHEALTHY).

54. 4.10 EITHER/OR (pp. 112-123) 9. Opposition to racism like Powell’s arose. The (GREEN, LABOUR) Party ran pro- (INTEGRATION, SEPARATION) campaigns advocating things like tolerance and integration. Bills mandating (EQUAL, PREFERENTIAL) treatment in housing, jobs, and advertising, and providing services such as (MEDICAL, EMOTIONAL) care, financial services, and education were passed to make things fairer for new immigrants.

55. 4.10 EITHER/OR (pp. 112-123) 10. First-generation immigrations often lived in (THEIR OWN, OTHERS’) communities within European society. Second generation immigrants often took part in (SOCIAL PROTESTS, POLITICS) and developed a (WEAK, MIXED) identity.

56. 4.11 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 114-19) T F 1. Ghana, home of Buchi Emecheta, achieved its independence in 1950. False—Nigeria was Emecheta’s home and it achieved independence in 1960.

57. 4.11 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 114-19) T F 2. Some European settlers in Africa violently resisted independence movements. TRUE

58. 4.11 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 114-19) T F 3. Those who migrated from the former colonies to Europe did not always find the freedom and rights they hoped for as European nations wrote laws to disqualify them from citizenship and equal treatment. TRUE

59. 4.11 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 114-19) T F 4. Many employers who hired minorities and women expected that they would fail at anything, except for menial labor. False—Immigrants were expected to succeed at menial tasks, but fail at all others.

60. 4.11 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 114-19) T F 5. Cries of “reverse discrimination” came out of efforts to ensure fair representation of the population. TRUE

61. 4.11 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 114-19) T F 6. France insisted that it was “not a country of immigration.” False—Germany insisted that it was “not a country of immigration.”

62. 4.11 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 114-19) T F 7. Families arrived first in France, then later in Germany and Great Britain. False—families arrived first in Britain in the early 1960s and later in Germany and France in the 1970s.

63. DEFINITIONS